Cum Clauses

Cum has the added difficulty of being not only ambiguous semantically, but also in its part of speech as it can be either a preposition or a subordinating conjunction.

1. As a preposition.

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Will be followed by the ablative to express accompaniment

2. As a Subordinating Conjunction

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Temporal Clause
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cum = "when", "whenever"

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Dependent verb in the indicative

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Circumstantial Clause
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cum = "when"

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Dependent verb in the subjunctive

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Dependent verb will be a pluperfect (or imperfect) subjunctive

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Causal Clause
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cum = "since"

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Dependent verb in the subjunctive

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Concessive Clause
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cum = "although"

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Dependent verb in the subjunctive

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There will often be a "tamen" in the governing clause.

Other Dependent Clause Types

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Main Index

Adverbial Clauses
Adjectival Clauses
Noun Clauses
Troublesome Subordinators

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Related Topics

Temporal Clauses

Circumstantial Clauses

Causal Clauses

Concessive Clauses

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Last Updated March 18, 2003

Questions, comments and corrections should be sent to Brian K. Harvey, Kent State University