Sugar Water
1 Sugar Water
- Properties of Water
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Freezing Point Depression
- Boiling Point Elevation
- Definitions
- Sugar Water Solutions
2 Properties of Water
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- Structure
H-O-H
Geometry is bent
3 Polarity
Water molecule is Polar (partial charges)
- Since Opposite charges attract, attracted to other polar molecules
- Strong water-water attraction means high boiling point
- Good solvent: Other polar molecules dissolve in water
4 Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonding
- Attraction between molecules
- Molecules must contain either O-H or N-H
- Increases boiling point of pure substance
- Increases solubility of molecules in water
5 Sucrose
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6 Definitions
- Solute: Stuff to dissolve (sugar)
- Solvent: Substance solute is dissolved in (water)
- Solution: Solute + Solvent (sugar water)
- Soluble: Solute dissolves in solvent
- Insoluble: Solute doesn't dissolve (much) in solvent
- Saturated: A solution that contains maximum amount of solute
7 Definitions - cont.
- Concentration: Measure of how much solute in a solution
- Precipitate: Solid that 'falls out' of a solution
- Crystallization: Crystalline precipitate
8 Freezing Point Depression
Addition of solute to a solvent lowers freezing point.
- Salt on roads in winter
- Heath Bars in Ice Cream :)
9 Boiling Point Elevation
Addition of solute to a solvent raises boiling point.
- Salt water
- Sugar water solutions
10 Sugar in Water
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- Sugar dissolves readily in water (polar, H-bonds)
- Boiling point of solution increases with increased sugar
11 Candy
| Boiling Point ( ° F) | b.p. ( ° C) | Candy |
| 230-234 | 110-112 | Syrup |
| 235-240 | 113-116 | Fudge |
| 244-248 | 118-120 | Carmel |
| 250-266 | 121-130 | Divinity, rock |
| 270-290 | 132-143 | Taffy |
| 300-310 | 149-154 | Brittle |
File translated from TEX by TTH, version 3.02.
On 21 Feb 2002, 13:34.