Collaborative Group Activity
Ophiolites and the Rock Cycle

Phase I:
Each Expert Group (see below) has been assigned a topic related to ophiolites. With your partner, research your topic on the internet, using the following questions as your guide. A list of internet resources is provided.  Feel free to supplement these with sites found during your own web-based searching.  During Phase II, you will need to explain your component of an ophiolite to members of your Ophiolite Team who are experts on other topics. To get you started, suggested web resources are provided on the next page.

Go To:  Sediment Experts, Pillow Basalt and Sheeted Dike Experts, Peridotite, Gabbro and Metamorphism Experts

Sediment Experts (Victor and Erica)
    a) What materials make up the sedimentary layer of an ophiolite?
    b) How do the characteristics of sediments change from the time they are originally deposited in the 
        ocean to the time that they are found in an ophiolite that has been stranded on land?

Resources:

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/PLATETEC/SpreadCtrs.HTM
http://www.odp.usyd.edu.au/odp_CD/oceplat/opindex.html
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/GeoTours/Josephine%20Ophiolite/JoOphiolite.html#Jgs
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/dynamic/session6/sess6_stop4.htm
http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/GEOLOCN_/dpseabiogenic.htm

Pillow Basalt and Sheeted Dike Experts (Wayne and Michael)
    a) What is basalt?
    b) Where does basalt come from?
    c) Where and why does it sometimes form into “pillow” shapes?
    d) What is a sheeted dike made of?  Where does this material come from?
    e) Why does this layer of an ophiolite have the specialized form of a dike?

Resources:

http://www.casdn.neu.edu/~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/minerals/basalt.htm
http://www.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/future/oph-sequence.JPG
http://www.wwnorton.com/earth/egeo/animations/ch2.htm (see “Formation of the Ocean Crust”)
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/PillowLava.html
http://www.lehigh.edu/~geb0/alps802.html (see the 2nd photo from the bottom)
http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/VIRTUAL_FIELD/Palos_Verdes/pvbasalt.htm
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/Introigrx.html
http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/depts/science/earth/smith/smith.htm (see stop #3)
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vw_hyperexchange/col_joint.html
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/GeoTours/Josephine%20Ophiolite/JoOphiolite.html#Dikes
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=gy43d5pnxz3c?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Dike+%28geology%29&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1&sbid=lc02a&linktext=dikes

Peridotite, Gabbro and Metamorphism Experts (Beth and Kay)
   a) What is peridotite? What is gabbro?
   b) Where are these found in an ophiolite and why?
   c) How might metamorphism occur in the intrusive parts of an ophiolite?
   d) How might metamorphism occur in the extrusive parts of an ophiolite?

Resources:

Peridotite and Gabbro
http://www.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/future/oph-sequence.JPG
http://www.wwnorton.com/earth/egeo/animations/ch2.htm (see “Formation of the Ocean Crust”)
http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/basicgeo/GABBRO/GABBRO.html
http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/depts/science/earth/smith/smith.htm (see stops #1 and #2)
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05lostcity/background/overview/overview.html (scroll down to “Deforming Rocks Build Mountains in the Sea”)
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/GeoTours/Josephine%20Ophiolite/JoOphiolite.html#Gabbro
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/GeoTours/Josephine%20Ophiolite/JoOphiolite.html#Jum
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/Introigrx.html
http://earth.s.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/ishiwata/ophiol_e.htm


Metamorphism:
   http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lect2-2.html
   http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/humphr01/node7.html
   http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/GeoTours/Josephine%20Ophiolite/JoOphiolite.html#Jum (note the discussion of metamorphism in this section)
   http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/schiff00/node8.html

Phase II:
Share the information on which you are an “Expert” with your Ophiolite Team (using “plain English”). Be sure that everyone gets a chance to share, and that you take notes (as you will need this information for the other expert teams to complete this week’s homework). Sharing should occur in the order listed in Phase I above, followed by general discussion. Focus your discussion on:

What are the components of an ophiolite?
1) How do each of these components form?
2) How do the various components of the rock cycle contribute to the formation and evolution of an ophiolite?

Ophiolite Team 1:  Victor, Michael, Kay
Ophiolite Team 2:  Erica, Wayne, Beth