Panhellenic Sanctuaries

Pan/Hellenic= all Greeks
Olympia (established 776)
Delphi
Isthmus-Corinth
Nemea

festival of Athens: the Panathenaia

Events:
chariot and horse racing
the pentathlon (discus, long jump, javelin, running and wrestling)
boxing (all blows to the head)
the pankration, a no-holds barred wrestling event.
musical and poetic competitions

agon, (contest or struggle) the source of our word "agony"

Olympia
Pelops
Peloponnese
King Oenomaus
Hippodameia
Delphi
Apollo: oracles and prophecy
the Pythia
Pythian games

Pindar
Olympian 2
Theron of Akragas (Sicily)

Athens after Solon’s reforms
Pisistratus' "constitutional tyranny;"
Hippias and Hipparchus 528-510.
Cleisthenes and democratic reforms
The constitution of Athens
Ostracism

Herodotus and the Persian Wars
Herodotus of Halicarnassus ca. 485-425
historia
the discipline of history in Herodotus’ time
cultural relativism
HUBRIS
NEMESIS
King Croesus of Lydia (6th century)
Solon the Athenian
Cleobis and Biton

Who were the Persians?
Cyrus (ca. 550-529)
Astyages King of the Medes
Harpagus

The EXPANSION of the PERSIANS on the three continent theory:
(1) Cyrus consolidates Asian kingdom
(2) Cambyses conquers Egypt (Africa)
(3) Darius attempts the conquest of Europe

The Greeks become involved with Persia:
Revolt of Ionia against Darius in 499
Eretria and Athens aid Ionians
Revolt crushed in 494
Darius vows revenge
Mardonius’ fleet wrecked off Mt. Athos in 492.
Darius prepares an invasion by sea
Hippias acts as guide for Persians
Battle of Marathon: 490
Miltiades
Pheidippides

Persian Wars Stage II
Themistokles’ plans for the fleet
Alliance of Athens, Sparta
Demaratus
Xerxes
canal is dug through peninsula of Athos
480: the Persian attack
Thermopylae
Leonidas
Ephialtes
Simonides the poet
the Athenians and the oracle of the wooden walls
Artemisium
Salamis
Plataia
Mycale