| HYPERGLOBALISTS
(Kenichi Ohmae) |
SCEPTICS
(Held and Thompson) |
TRANSFORMATIONALISTS (Held et al.; Cerny; Evans) | |
| What's is new? | A global age | Relatively little; new trading blocs; weaker supra-national governance than earlier periods | Historically unprecedented levels of global interconnectedness |
| What is the central characteristic of the global economy? | Global capitalism; elimination of geography; global culture; global civil society | World less interdependent than in 1890s. MNCs not TNCs. | "Thick" globalization. Interconnectedness is more intense (within economic sectors) and more extensive (across regions) |
| What's the driving force of globalization? | Capitalism and technology | States and markets | Lots of stuff: very messy |
| What's happening to the nation-state? | Declining and eroding | Reinforced and enhanced | It's changing: very messy. Not obsolete but also no longer the only player |
| How do they understand globalization? | As a reordering framework of human action. | Internationalization and regionalization. | Reordering of interregional relations (messy) |
| What's likely to happen in the future? | Global civilization (The Matrix?) | Regional blocs/clash of Civilizations | Who knows? Global fragmentation and integration. |
| What's their central argument | The Nation-state is history | Internationalization relies on the support and acquiescence of states | Globalization is transforming state power and world politics. |