CHAPTER 1:  Origins of Physiological Psychology

1. Biological Roots

• Ancient cultures
• Hippocrates (460-370 BC)
• Plato (429-347 BC)
• Aristotle (384-322 BC)
• Galen (130-200 AD)
• Descartes (1596-1650)
• Galvani (1737-1789)
• Muller (1890-1967)
• Flourens (1794-1867)
• Broca (1824-1880)
• Fritsch & Hitzig (1870)
• Helmholtz (1821-1894)

2.       Darwin

Functionalism

Natural Selection

Mutations

Selective advantage

CHAPTER 2:  Structure & Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Three Types of Neurons:

1. Sensory neuron:
2. Motor neuron:
3. Interneuron:

Neuronal Structures

1. Unipolar neuron:
2. Bipolar neuron:
3. Multipolar neuron:

Neuron Basic Structure:

Soma:

Synapse:

Axon:

Terminal button:

Neurotransmitter:

Know this Figure:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Internal Structure:

Membrane:

Nucleus:

Contains nucleolus & chromosomes

Nucleolus:

Ribosomes:

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA):

Gene:

Chromosome:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):

Mitochondria:

Cytoplasm:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):

Lysosome:

Exocytosis:

Phagocytosis:

Cytoskeleton:

Microtubule:

Axoplasmic transport:

Enzyme:

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):

Glial cell:

Astrocyte:

Oligodendrocyte:

Myelin sheath:

Node of Ranvier:

Microglia:

Schwann cell:

Blood-brain barrier:

Features of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Area postrema:

Communication Within Neurons

Axons have two basic electrical potentials:

Resting Membrane Potential

Action Potential

The membrane potential can change:

Depolarization

Hyperpolarization

Threshold of excitation

Membrane potential:

Resting membrane potential:

Depolarization:

Hyperpolarization:

          Action potential:

Threshold of excitation:

The Membrane Potential

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diffusion:

Electrolyte:

Ion:

Electrostatic pressure:

Intracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid

Sodium-potassium transporter:

Ion channel:

The Membrane Potential

Voltage-dependent ion channel:

Conduction of the Action Potential:

All-or-none law:

Rate law:

Conduction of the Action Potential:

Cable properties:

Conduction of the Action Potential (AP):

Saltatory conduction:

The Concept of Chemical Transmission:

Postsynaptic potential:

Neuromodulator:

Endocrine gland:

Target cell:

Binding site:

Ligand:

Structures of Synapses:

Dendritic spine:

Presynaptic membrane:

Synaptic cleft:

Synaptic vesicle:

Release zone:

Cisterna:

Pinocytosis:

Activation of Receptors:

Postsynaptic receptor:

Neurotransmitter-dependent ion channel:

Ionotropic receptor:

Metabotropic receptor:

G protein:

Second messenger:

Postsynaptic Potentials:

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP):

Termination of Postsynaptic Potentials

Reuptake:

Enzymatic deactivation:

Effects of Postsynaptic Potentials

Neural integration:

Autoreceptor:

Other Types of Synapses:

Presynaptic inhibition:

Presynaptic facilitation:

ALL CHAPTER 3 POWER POINT SLIDES CAN BE FOUND HERE!!!