Classics 21201 English Words From Classical Elements
1:10-2:00, MWF

Instructor:  Mr. Robert Larson 	Ph. 672-7880
308E Satterfield Hall	e-mail:  rlarson@kent.edu

http://www.kent.edu/mcls/classics/words/
Office Hours:  12-1 MW, 10-11 TR, or by appt.

You will need the following:
1. Donald Ayers, English Words From Latin and Greek Elements, 2nd Ed. 
2. Course packet of supplemental materials.
3. A dictionary that includes word etymologies. Suitable dictionaries are listed in Ayers (p. 16).

Test Schedule:
Test 1 -- February 5 (Fri.)
Test 2 -- February 26 (Fri.)
Test 3 -- March 22 (Mon.)
Test 4 -- April 19 (Mon.)

Each of the four unit tests and the final exam are worth 20% of your grade. The grading scale is a ten-point scale: 100-90=A, 89-80=B, 79-70=C, 69-60=D, 59 and below, F. There will be no “extra credit” projects.

The final exam is on May 11, 10:15-12:30 p.m. It will be a cumulative exam.

Make-up policy: Permission in all cases must be obtained from the instructor PRIOR to the scheduled test time. Illness or family emergency are the only acceptable reasons for missing a test, both of which will require documentation before permission to take the make-up test is granted. I expect that you phone me, not e-mail me.

If you miss a test or make-up test without notifying me before the time of the test, the grade will be entered as a zero. 

Study strategies: In the LER requirements this course is considered equivalent to College Algebra or Introductory Logic.  It requires more memorization than most courses.

The two cardinal rules for success are:
(1) Do not fall behind, and
(2) Use flashcards and/or other active methods of learning the material.  

Worksheets for Classics 21201 English Words From Classical Elements

Lesson 2

Using the bases in the Lesson 2 Assignment, fill in the blanks below with the correct words.  The clue in quotation marks tells you which base to use:
1. The vault of the sky is called the ______________________ in the Bible and in poetry. (“firm, strong”)
2. The belief that nothing exists, is known, or can be known is called _________________. (“nothing”)
3. This class can help you improve your _______________ skills. (“word”)
4. Often young people feel ___________________ from the rest of society. (“of another”)
5. Scientists are still debating whether the universe is _____________; whether it has a limit. (“end, limit”)
6. By digging on the sites of ancient civilizations, we have recovered many interesting ______________________. (“art, skill;” an object produced by human workmanship, esp. one of historical interest)
7. Priests’ robes are called __________________. (“garment”)
8. After the death of a family member, people need time to ______________. (“heavy”)

Lessons 2 and 3

Using the bases and where appropriate, the prefixes from Lessons 2 and 3, fill in the blanks. The part of the clue in quotation marks gives you the word elements; the rest of the clue is a definition of the word needed.  You may need to use your dictionary:
1. According to the law the land was __________. 
	(“not” + “of another;” not able to be sold or transferred to others)
2. The negotiations failed because neither side would make ________.
	(“with” + “go, yield”; acts of yielding)
3. His defense attorney was able to _________ new information in his favor. (“to, toward” + “lead”; cite as example or means of proof)
4. The ___________ of the nominee was delayed because of scandalous rumors. (“with” + “firm;” ratification or acceptance into membership)
5. The citizens of the flood-stricken states have shown great _____________. (“strong;” strength of mind that allows one to endure pain)
6. They will __________to the kidnapper’s demands for ransom money. (“to, toward” + “go, yield;” give consent, agree)
7. The officer can ___________ the location of the stolen car. (“down” + “lead;” to reach a conclusion by reasoning)
8. Many members of the press _________Ms. Clinton’s taste in hats. 
	(“down” + “request;” belittle, express disapproval of)
9. Members of the Temperance movement _________ the use of alcohol. 
	(“away” + “take an oath” solemnly recant, renounce)

Words in Context Lessons 1-3
1. The worker’s __________________ was addressed by the management when the union intervened.
2. The professor tries to _____________knowledge to the students.
3. Please memorize this message and repeat it_________________ to agent X in Havana.
4. He wished to be buried in ____________________ ground.
5. Who will _______________ at this meeting?
6. Hobbes ______________described the life of early humans as “nasty, brutish and short.” 
7. _______________ consumption of alcohol leads to cirrhosis of the liver.
8. Any competent magician can _____________ a rabbit out of a hat.
9. His ________________ speech was difficult for me to understand.
10. The cat was perched in a _________________ position atop the bookshelf.

precarious - grievance - conjure - impart - colloquial – verbatim- consecrated - preside - aptly - excess

Lesson 4

Tell whether the words below use the prefix IN-,IM- meaning “not” or the prefix IN-, IM- meaning “in, into, against”:

intrusion, infirmity, inalienable, impart, investment, inference, inflamed, ineligible, ignoble, illegible, impact, incessant, induce, injustice, imprecate.

Using the bases from lesson 4 and, where appropriate, the prefixes you have learned, fill in the blanks:
1. Her popularity was due in part to her _________ personality. 
	(“flock”; tending to seek the company of others)
2. At this crossing __________ have the right of way. 
	(“foot”; people on foot)
3. Some art critics called Pavarotti’s paintings _____________. 
	(“foot”; commonplace, undistinguished)
4. As they entered the shop they noticed the  ___________ odor of raw onions. 
	(“prick, sharp”; sharp to taste or smell)
5. Some churches are built in a ____________ pattern. (“cross”; cross-shaped)
6. “Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit ___________.” 
	(“in, on” + “foot”; obstacles)
7. The __________ of the U.S. cent shows President Lincoln. (“toward, facing” + “turn”; side of a coin showing the date or principal stamp-opposite of reverse)
8. The injection caused an ________ reaction. 
	(“to, toward” + “turn”; unfavorable)
9. The ___________ of the island have no electricity. ( “in” + “have, hold”; residents)

Lesson 5

Using the bases from Lesson 5 and, where appropriate, the prefixes you have learned, fill in the blanks:  
1. President Nixon’s __________ resulted in his resignation from office. 
	(“across” + “step”; acts in violation of a law, sins)
2. The serious nature of the offenses _________his return to political life. 
	(“before” + “shut”; prevent)
3. The doctor made a __________ examination of the victim’s wounds while preparing her equipment. (“run, go”; hasty and superficial)
4. The student prepared a __________ from the many sources of information on nuclear power. (“with” + “hang”; a neat summary)
5. The hikers were able to _________ their supplies of food and water at the ranger’s station. (“back, again” + “fill”; fill or make complete again)
6. In _________, the bake sale could have been more successful if we had included cupcakes. (“backward” + “look”; looking back)
7. The children were fascinated by the __________ of the snake as it moved. 
	(“wave”; wavelike motion)
8. Toddlers need adult ____________ when they use finger paints. 
	(“over, above” + “see”; inspection and direction)
9. I am not able to ________________ that information. 
	(“apart, in different directions + shut”; to make known)
10. Because of his irresponsible driving, the judge was forced to ________ his license. (“back, again” + “call”; take back)

Word Dissection -Lesson 4 bases
A list of words is provided below. Slash each word so that you divide its components (prefix, base and suffix); then list the meanings of the components and define the word.  Remember that the etymological meaning does not always equal the dictionary meaning; it is only a clue.

con + sent - “feel together” does not equal the correct definition “to agree or permit.”

Example: 

				Component Meanings
AGGREGATE 	to, toward + flock + -ate	

CRUCIBLE 			__________ + ible
INHIBITION 		__________ + __________ + ition
EXPEDITIOUS 		__________ + __________ + itious
INADVERTENT 	__________ + __________ + __________ + ent
EXCRUCIATING 		__________ + __________ + iating
PUNCTILIOUS 			__________ + ilious
EXECRATE 		__________ + __________ + ate
PRESENTIMENT 		__________ + __________ + iment
PERTURB 		__________ + __________
INVERSION 		__________ + __________ + ion
PERVERSION 		__________ + __________ + ion
OBVIATE 		__________ + __________ + ate

LESSON 5: 
1. The negotiators’ work _________ the possibility of war. 
	(“before” + “shut”; prevent)
2. The philosopher preferred to live in ____________ .
	(“aside, away” + “shut”; isolation)
3. The two judges usually ________ in their opinions. 
	(“together” + “run”; agree)
4. The candidate’s speech was long and ____________. 
	(“out” + “run”; rambling or digressive)
5. The psychiatric patient experienced a ___________ into childhood. 
	(“back + go”; reversion to a previous or less mature behavior or feeling)
6. The streets in San Francisco often have a steep _________. 
	(“step”; slope, as of a road that rises by degrees)
7. The bacteria gained _________ through an infected cut. 
	(“in” + “go”; an entrance)
8. The case is still __________. 
	(“hang”; awaiting judgment  or decision)
9. The hammer is an ___________ for driving nails. 
	(“in” + “fill”; tool)
10. The visitors to the haunted house saw a mysterious _________. 
	(from spec-; ghost or apparition)
11. The ___________ shopper can always find a bargain 
	(“through” + “look;” having keen judgment)  Don’t confuse this word with #12 below.
12. This textbook is lucid and _________________. 
	(“through” + “look;” easy to understand)
13. The officer’s many heroic acts ________ to his credit and he will be promoted. (“back” + “wave”; to have a result)
14. Birdwatching is my ____________. 
	(“away” + “call”; hobby)

Words in Context Review
1. How often do your seizures ______________?
2. Caution!  Gasoline is ___________________.
3. These specially treated pajamas are not _______________.
4. I don’t mind snakes but I have an ________________ to spiders.
5. A speech _________________ can be difficult to overcome.
6. The mission of the Red Cross is to ___________ the sick and the wounded.
7. You seem very quiet and ______________ today.
8. Pink flamingo lawn ornaments made our house the most _______________ one on the street.
9. Children who _______________ dogs by teasing them are often bitten.
10. The museum is hosting a Jackson Pollock ______________.

provoke- succor- flammable- inflammable-retrospective- conspicuous- impediment- occur- aversion- pensive

Lesson 6

These words use the numerical bases on p. 53.  Use the dictionary if you can’t guess them:
1. The other members of the committee found his concerns ________________.  (“three + way, road”; unimportant)
2. The members of the choir sing in ______________________. 
	(“one” voice)
3. The terrorist organization made a ______________________________ agreement to lay down its arms. (“one” sided)
4. The _____________________________ of Ireland met with the Pope. 
	(“first”;  the highest bishop in a country)
5. The equator runs east-west; the ____________ __________________ runs north-south. (the “first” or main longitudinal line)
6. The Babylonians used a ________________________ numerical system. 
	(“two” + “ten”; describes a system based on units of twelve)

7. The Greek god Poseidon carries a ______________________________. 
	(“three” pronged weapon)
8. The tree trunk was _____________________________ very close to the ground.  (divided in “two” parts or branches. Use bi-)
9. Pregnancy is divided into three _____________________________. 
	(groups of “three” months)
10. Cows, cats and capybaras are ______________________________. 
	(“four”-”footed” animals)
11. The Olympic games are a ______________________________ event.
	(held every “four” years)
12. Ben and Jerry’s is the ______________________________ American dessert. (expressing most perfectly the inner nature of something; from “fifth” + essence)
13. With modern advances in health care, ________________________ are becoming more common.   (People in their “eighth” decade)
14. The __________________________ year of women’s suffrage is 1993. (“hundredth”)

False friends-These words seem to have the number bases you have learned -but they actually do not.  Look up each word and find the real etymology:

	decadent;   tributary;   duel;   biopsy;   septic;   sexton.

Lesson 7

Word Dissection-Slash the word so that you divide its components; then list the components and define the word (you will need a dictionary for this part).  Remember that the etymological meaning does not always equal the dictionary meaning; it is only a clue: 

MAGNANIMOUS 	_____________ + ____________ + ous
PERENNIAL 	_____________ + ____________ + al
INCANTATION 	_____________ + ____________ + ation
INSECURITY 	_____________ + ____________ + _________ + ity
INIQUITOUS 	_____________ + ____________ + itous

1. Usually the sisters were cheerful and _______________. 
	(full of “life, feeling”)
2. The earliest religious beliefs may have been forms of ________________. 
	(belief that “life” exists in all natural phenomena, such as springs or rocks)
3. Each faction in Bosnia is filled with __________________ for the others 
	(a strong “feeling” of hostility)
4. We were the ___________________ of his great kindness. (recipients of “good” deeds or gifts).  He is our __________________. (doer of “good”)
5. Our vacation tours to the Amazon will ____________________  you. 
	(“in” + “sing”; charm or cast a spell over)
6. My birthday falls on the autumn ______________________. 
	(time when night and day are of “equal” length)
7. When asked about the condition of the car, the salesman _____________. (“equal” + “call”; to use terms with vague or double meanings in order to deceive)
8. The farmlands in this area are very ________________. 
	(“bear, carry”; producing abundantly)
9. The top advisors were _________________ in the conspiracy. 
	(“in” + “fold”; shown to be a party to)

Words in Context: Lesson 7
1. We ___________the services of a boy to carry our baggage to the train.
2. He faced criticism with such _______________ that I was astonished.
3. The Senator _____________ with such skill that afterwards the reporters wondered whether he had admitted anything at all.
4. She remained ___________, sweet-tempered, and slow to anger.
5. Do you imagine that some kindly ____________will help you out of this mess?
6. Ted Turner, the media ____________who owns his own network, is now married to Jane Fonda.
7. Roses are __________ , but marigolds are not.
8. The beloved old man was as __________ as he was wise.
9. You would have been able to __________from the room alone the character of those who lived in it.
10. I now __________ on you the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

procured-confer-benevolent-equivocated-perennials-magnate-infer-equanimity-equable-benefactor

Lesson 8

Base:  “water” _______
1. We asked the geologist if there were many ________________ in the region. 
	(“water” + “bear, carry”; underground layers of porous rock containing water)
2. The manatee is an ________________ creature. (“water”; living in water)

Base: “body” __________
3. The new science complex ________________ both the old physics and biology buildings. (“in” + “body”; to bring together into a single whole)
4. The __________________ man liked to eat a bag of doughnuts every day. (“body”; obese)

Base: “hold” ___________
5. His unhappy life did not shake his religious ____________________. 
	(beliefs “held” by a person; doctrine held as truth)
6. The landlord was unable to evict the __________________. 
	(people who “hold” the lease; occupants who pay rent)

Base: “stretch”, “strive” _____________
7. Malnourished children often have ___________________ stomachs. 
	( “in different directions” + ; “stretched” swollen)
8. The thief caught in the act did not make a ________________ of innocence.  (“before” + “stretch”; a false claim)

Base:  “time, due season, to set bounds”_____________________
9. The climate in Ohio is ___________________ compared to Canada. 
	(within “bounds”; neither too hot nor too cold)
10. The monk abandoned his __________________ life for the seclusion of the monastery. (transitory; of this world:  limited by “time”)

Base: “all” ________
11. She is such an ________________ reader that she reads the backs of cereal boxes. (eating “all”; devouring everything indiscriminately)
12. Most people assume that God is ___________________. (“all” knowing)

Base: “stretched, thin”______________
13. They have only a __________________ grasp of the calculus lesson. (not substantial; flimsy)
14. The inhabitants’ bodies were frail and ______________________ because of the famine.  (made “thin”, weakened and/or wasted)

Base: “like” _____________
15. The violent scenes in the film are being  _________________ by special effects experts.  (to give a false appearance of; to look or act “like”)

Review
1. The union explained its ____________________ to the management 
	(“heavy” things; complaints; circumstances thought to be unjust)
2. With this smoke alarm we may ________________ disaster. 
	(“away” + “turn”; ward off or prevent)
3. Placing a frog in my purse was a __________________ act on your part. 
	(“bad”; with evil intent)
4. The friend of the new president received a ___________________. 
	(sine, “without” +”care”; a job with a good salary but few duties)
5. These men provided aid and _______________ to the rebel leaders. 
	(a “running under”; relief in time of distress)

Words in context Lesson 8
1. The old Roman __________still carries water to our town.
2. The amoeba, when it finds prey, flows round it, ______________ it, and oozes on. (to put one thing into another to form a whole)
3. The Army _________ of engineers built this dam.
4. Red and white blood ______________ have different functions.
5. The brown rat is an ____________ scavenger.
6. In his own small universe, he was _______________.
7. Within a few weeks the ______________ thief was at his tricks again.
8. She walked with a __________ stride.
9. Now and then he falls into error, but the fact-checkers quickly __________ it.
10. His strict moral ____________ did not always endear him to his friends.
11. She made use of her own and others’ experiences to lend ________________ to her books.
12. The area enjoys mild winters but less _____________ summers.
13. After a period of complete ____________, he began to drink absinthe.
14.(a) It is better for historians to be ____________ with the events they write of? (b)  It was often said of T.S. Eliot that his writing style was ___________ but his ideas were frozen in the past.
15. “Not yet”, she _____________, “but soon”.
16. Her contributions to the discussion were always __________.
17. That’s the hardest job we have--keeping up the _________ of work.
18. The prisoner’s age and previous good character were ____________ circumstances.
corps-corpuscles-extenuating-temporized-contemporary-temperate-verisimilitude-rectify-omnivorous-incorrigible-rectitude-omnipotent-aqueduct-regal-temperance-incorporates-pertinent-pretense

Lesson 9

Word Dissection:
		Separate Components
CONFLAGRATION	________________ + ______________ + ation
INFLATION 		________________ + ______________ + ion
DEGENERATE		________________ + ______________ + ate
AFFLATUS			________________ + ______________ + us
ILLUMINATION		________________ + ______________ + ation

1. The refugees fled in order to escape the cruel ____________________ of the dictator. (“master”; control, rule)
2. This is a _________________ violation of the House ethics rules. 
	(“burn”; deliberately conspicuous or outrageous)
3. They became ________________ after that can of chili. 
	(“blow”; gassy)
4. Harsh treatment could not crush his __________________ spirit. 
	(“not” + “master”; unconquerable)
5. The bill will travel from the House of Representatives to the ______________ (“old;” representative body-originally a group of elders)
6. The octogenarian’s numerous ______________________ met at the family reunion. (“forward” + “produce”; offspring or descendants)
7. An _______________________ triangle has three sides of the same length. (“equal” + “side”; having all sides or faces equal)
8.  All fish have _________________ lines, which may be sensory organs. (on the “side”)
9.  In his last _____________ moments he made his will in front of witnesses. (rational or clear-minded; “light”; also “clear or easily understood”:   We find her _______________ arguments very refreshing.
10. We knew some stars might attend the inauguration, but we did not expect _______________ such as these. (“light”; notable persons or celestial bodies)
11. Those who have worked here for at least ten years have ______________. 
	(“old”; the state of being higher in rank; precedence of position)
12. The new intern was meek and ___________________________. 
(“under + serve”; submissive; acting like an underling)
13. Before __________________________ the female elephant gained weight enormously. (“bringing forth”; the act of giving birth)
14. Hitler tried to commit _________________________. (killing a “race”; the systematic killing of an entire racial or cultural group)
15. The ____________________ religions in India are Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. (“before” + “master”; having the greatest importance or authority)

Lesson 9 -words in context
1. The two parents, the baby and the cat offered a picture of ________ bliss.
2. “It pleased me to _________ over her, and she generally submitted to my tyranny.” (said by Helen Keller of her teacher, Anne)
3. The Germans at that time ______________ the intellectual world.
4. One warehouse after another went up in the general ________________.
5. A young lady in _______________ theatrical makeup appeared.
6. Primitive languages have words for various trees but no ___________ term for “tree.”
7. I will be _____________ enough to confess that this may be true.
8. He was a strong advocate for electricity and other ____________ inventions and gadgets.
9. (a) The ____________water, though agitated, did not turn cloudy. (b) He had an elegant and ___________literary style.
10. He was the only one of their _______________ not to graduate from college.

domineer-dominated-pellucid-progeny-flamboyant-domestic-ingenuous-ingenious-generic-conflagration

Lesson 10

List the English meanings of the word elements; then define the word:
INTERLOCUTOR	
SUBVERT
PROPENSITY	
PROVIDENCE
CONTRAVENE	
INUNDATION

Base CUMB, CUB______________
1. The _________________ candidate refused to debate the challenger. (in office; “in” + “lie”)
2. It is _________________ on me to fulfill my campaign pledges. (“in” + “lie”; imposed as a duty or obligation; obligatory)
3. In the painting I could see several ___________________ figures. (“back, again” + “lie”; reclining or lying down)
4. Luckily he did not __________________ to the illness. (“under” + “lie”; give way to, yield; die)
5. In the Middle Ages people believed that witches were the offspring of a woman and an ____________________. (“in” + “lie”; a demon who had sex with a woman in her sleep.  Note that “in” can have the sense of “on”).  The female demon who visited a man “lay under” and so was called a ________________.

Other Bases:  FEDER ____________; HER, HES ______________
6. A document called the Articles of _________________ was a predecessor of the U.S. Constitution. (“with/together” + “treaty”; formation of a league)
7. Every college student should be able to write a ________________ essay. (“with” + “stick”; logically connected and intelligible)
8. The desire to learn is _____________________ in small children. (“in” + “stick”; existing in someone or thing as a natural, inseparable quality)
9. I used an ________________________ to reattach the handle of the broken cup. (“to” + “stick”; a sticky substance like glue)
10. Each of the speakers in the debate had his or her ________________ among the audience. (“to” + “stick”; followers or supporters)

 Base:  ORD(IN) ____________
11. There has been a lively debate among churches over the ______________ of women. (investing with the office of priest, minister, etc.)
12. We did an _______________________ amount of work to prepare for the exam. (“not” + “order”; excessive)
13. The pianist already showed an ________________________ musical talent by the age of six. (“outside” + “order”:  Note how the word ordinary divides into base and adj. suffix)
14. The junior officer held a ____________________ position in the hierarchy of command. (“under” + “order”; below another in rank, etc.)

BASES: POT, POSS ______________
	SAL, (SIL), SALT, SULT _________________
15. The ___________________ character of that country allowed it to recover quickly from frequent natural disasters. (“back” + “leap”; recovering strength, spirits, etc. quickly)
16. It is dangerous to ________________ over a fallen enemy. (“out” + “leap; rejoice.  Note spelling.)
17. He finished the rest of the chores in a ________________________ way. (“down” + “leap”; random or aimless)
18. The muggers were charged with _______________ and theft. (“to, toward” + “leap”; note the different spelling of the base for “leap”)
19. The ancient Greeks did not consider their gods _________________ . 
	(“all” + “power”)
20. The sheriff sent out a ___________________ to find the gunfighter. (a group that “has the power” to assist the sheriff)
21. The wine had 17% alcohol and thus was very _________________. (“have power”; strong in effect)

The following pairs of words all have the same base.  Divide the words into their components and using your dictionary, distinguish between the pairs:

SEDENTARY-SESSILE

INSIDIOUS-OBSESSIVE

SEDULOUS-ASSIDUOUS

SEDATE-SUBSIDING

PRESIDE-RESIDE

Lesson 11

Base: believe, trust-__________________
1. We did not give ________________ to their accusations against you. 
	(“belief”; acceptance as true)
2. Investigators ______________ the psychic’s claims to bend spoons with the power of his mind. (“away, in different directions + trust”; prove untrue)  They found his claims __________________.  (“not” +  “believe”)
3. When I announced that I had gone skydiving, my friends were _____________. (“not + believe”)
4. That person claimed to be a physician but had fake _________________. (written evidence of qualification that inspires “trust”).  Unfortunately, his school not only wasn’t _________________, it didn’t exist. (“to, toward” + “believe, trust”; certified as meeting a prescribed standard)

Base: to teach _____________________
5. The original meaning of the word _____________ was “teacher.”
6. Those animals who are ________________ are easy to train. 
	(“able to be taught”)
7. The members of the cult tried to ____________________ visitors. 
	(“in” + “teach”; instruct in a code of beliefs)

Base: to speak________________
8. The story of the dog in the manger is a _______________. 
	(a story “spoken” to teach a lesson)  
9. Aladdin’s story is filled with ___________________ features like the flying carpet and the cave of wonders. (legendary or barely credible)
10. Was the sinking of the Titanic a matter of chance or of __________? 
	(a thing “spoken” by the gods; destiny)  
Mixing pain relievers and alcohol can be _____________. (from same word; death inducing).  
I wish that TV personality would stop filling the airwaves with his __________ and vulgar rantings. (“talking” too much, i.e., babbling, foolish).  
Melissa was clearly ___________________ with Phil. 
	(“in” + “speak”; had foolish tendencies within).  
You will enjoy this world-_____________ recipe for lemon-meringue pie.
	(“talked” about; well-known).
11. Children too young to talk are called _________________. (“not + speak”)
12. She experiences _________________ delight when eating Jelly Bellies. 
	(“not” + “out” + “speak”; indescribable)

Base: to deceive: _________________________
13. Even professors are not _______________________. 
	( “not” + “false”; incapable of erring)
14. Erich Von Daniken’s arguments that the earth has had alien visitors were clever but ________________. 
	(“false”; containing or based on a fallacy)
15. Most of us prefer __________________  (“touchable”) rewards, such as cash, to ___________________ (“not touchable” ) ones such as the satisfaction of a job well done.
16. Some lawyers’ fees are __________________ upon winning damages from the person sued. (“with” + “touch”; conditional, possible only under certain circumstances)
17. His lot and mine are ___________________. 
	(“with” + “touch”;  next to each other; adjacent)

Base: to change____________________
18. The phrase “__________________ assured destruction” was common during the cold war era. (reciprocally)
19. The inmate’s life sentence was ___________________ because of failing health and he was released. (“with” + “change”; made less severe)

20. How many words can you make with the base meaning “to drag, draw”?

PREFIX	MEANINGS	drag, draw

ab-, a-, abs-	________________	________________	________________
ad-	________________	________________	________________
ambi-	________________	________________	________________
ante-	________________	________________	________________
circum-	________________	________________	________________
con-, com-, co-	________________	________________	________________
contra-, contro-, counter-	_______________	________________	________________
de-	________________	________________	________________
dis-, di-, dif-	________________	________________	________________
ex-, e-	________________	________________	________________
extra-, extro-	________________	________________	________________
in-	________________	________________	________________
in-	________________	________________	________________
inter-	________________	________________	________________
intra-, intro-	________________	________________	________________
infra-	________________	________________	________________
non-	________________	________________	________________
ob-	________________	________________	________________
per-	________________	________________	________________
post-	________________	________________	________________
pre-	________________	________________	________________
pro-	________________	________________	________________
re-, red-	________________	________________	________________
retro-	________________	________________	________________
se-, sed-	________________	________________	________________
sub-	________________	________________	________________
super-	________________	________________	________________
trans-, tran-, tra-	________________	________________	________________
ultra-	________________	________________	________________

WORD DISSECTION:  break up each word into its component parts and give the English meaning for each part.  Then define the word.  

	Example:

ACCIDENT:  AD, to + CID, fall  
Definition:  an unexpected, undesired event; fortune or chance.

INCIDENT: 
OCCIDENTAL:
RECIPIENT:
INCIPIENT:
INEFFECTIVE:
SUFFICIENT:
DEFOLIANT:
INNOCUOUS:
OBNOXIOUS:
INTERNECINE:

Words in Context Lesson 11
1. A world-famous photograph of the Loch Ness monster was recently __________________.
2. A man, now very old, ________________ that the picture was faked with a toy submarine.
3. The existence of the monster has never been fully _________________.
4. Many experts believe that “Nessie” is only a ___________________
5. What we need is ________________ evidence that the creature exists.

confessed- fabrication- tangible- discredited- documented

Lesson 12

1. There was an ________________ odor in the air around the tire factory. (“sharp, bitter” harsh in taste or smell)
2. The piano composition ended in a pleasing _________________ 
	(“fall”; progression of chords moving to a harmonious close)
3. The Romans of the Late Republic have been considered ______________ by many historians. (“down” + “fall”;  decaying, especially in morals)
4. The Cyclops crammed two of Odysseus’ men into his _______________ mouth. (“take”; spacious, with lots of room)
5. This project has been a colossal pain in the neck from the day of its ____________ (“in” + “take”; beginning)  
5a. Speaking of pains, I have an ______________ headache. 
	(“in” + “take”; just beginning to appear)
6. The speaker lectured on word bases to a ______________ audience. (“seize”; held against one’s will)  
6a. Unfortunately, they did not find the subject ___________________. (“seize”; fascinating)
7. He is ambidextrous; he can use both his hands with equal ______________. (“make/do”; ease, ready skill)
8. The air within the bog was filled with unpleasant __________________. (“out” + “flow”; foul smelling vapors.  Plural ends in “ia”)
9. President Clinton feared a sudden ______________ of immigrants from that nation following the civil unrest. (“in” + “flow”; a pouring in from outside)
10. During the Vietnam war, ________________ sprays were used to clear the forested areas. (“down” + “leaves”)
11. The adult bookstore has a _______________ influence on the neighborhood around it. (“through” + “harm”; deadly or destructive)
12. Whenever his roommate cooked, ______________ fumes emanated from the apartment. (“harm”; injurious to health)
13. When it comes to chess, I am still only a _______________. 
	(“new”; beginner)
14. He was a big man with a __________________ complexion. (“flower”; ruddy, red-colored or flushed; also:  elaborate, decorated)
15. The con-man’s friendliness proved to be __________________. 
	(“do/make”; artificial, contrived, not natural)

Words in Context Lesson 12:  Choose the word that best fits the sentence.
1. Grapefruit juice is very (acute, acidic)
2. The _________________ of the gift was very grateful. (reception, recipient)
3. The water falling over the cliff forms a lovely (cascade, cadence)
4. How does an antihistamine _________ the nasal passages? (effect, affect)
5. The child had been exposed to very little violence or crime; he was quite ________________. (innocent, innocuous)

Lesson 13

1. The various systems of the body have their own _______________ functions, yet all are interdependent. (“apart” + “separate/distinguish “; individual)
2. I was eager to _______________ whether any flights were leaving Chicago that night. (“to, toward” + “separate/distinguish “; to find out; discover through investigation)
3. Roman soldiers were able to ________________ extremes of heat and cold. (“in” + “hard”; to bear with tolerance)
4. The singer was _________________ in his refusal to return to that city, where he had been pelted with raw eggs. (“toward, facing” + “hard”; unyielding)
5. He claimed that he signed the confession under ________________; therefore it should not be accepted as evidence. (“hard”; compulsion by threats or forcible confinement)
6. After playing soccer for an hour, their faces were_______________ with a rosy glow. (“under” + “pour”; spread through or over, as with color or light)
7. The more ________________ fans met the star at the airport with bouquets of roses and poems they had written for the occasion. (“out” + “pour”; gushy)
8. In the botanical gardens we saw a ___________________ of interesting new species. (“forward” + “pour”; an abundance)
9. The downtown district of the city, thanks to your efforts at renovation, is experiencing a ________________. (“back, again” + “birth”, revival.  Note other possible spelling.)
10. Her _______________ interest in Egyptian culture was strengthened by a visit to the Metropolitan Museum. (“born”; in the process of emerging)
11. Attendance in the class was ______________. (“with, together”  + “drive”; forced, not optional)  Of course, the instructor could not _______________ unwilling students to attend. (same word used as verb)
12. Let me _________________ your concerns about bungee jumping.  It is completely safe. (“in different directions” +” drive”; scatter)
13. I do much of my shopping in response to a sudden _______________; (“in + drive”; urge) however, since I can control my spending I am not a ___________________ shopper. (“with/together” + “drive”; pushed by an uncontrollable urge)
14. My ________________ heap will provide excellent fertilizer for the garden. (“together + place/put”; a mix of decaying organic matter)  But I cannot use it until it ________________. (breaks down; note that the prefix shows reversal of the process)
15. The opera star lost his ___________________ when a tomato hit him in the face. (“together” + “put”; calmness)
16. He was a ________________ of the plan to build a new mall in the area. (one who “forward” + “put”; an advocate)
17. They drove a steep and ___________________ road through the mountains (“twist”; winding in and out)

WORD DISSECTION-give English meaning of the word elements and define the word:
EXPOSITORY
SUPERIMPOSE
DIFFUSE
INNATE
EXTORT
DISTORT
INDISPOSED
REPULSIVE

Words in Context Lesson 13
1. Meg, as the November fog thickened, could not _______________ the outlines of the Cathedral.
2. Let us read the sonnets individually as ___________ works, not as parts of a larger poem.
3. The firm is very _______________ and would never discuss the business of its clients with outsiders.
4. The present population is mainly native American, with a small ________of European blood.
5.Articles and reports about the ice-skaters suddenly appeared in ___________.
6. During the eighteenth century the science of geology was still ___________.
7. Scientists disagree on how much of human behavior is learned and how much is _______________.
8. The fresh air did little to _______________ the sickening odors.
9. If given half a chance he will _______________ at length the theories of Plato and Aristotle.
10. Historians who merely wish to establish their own theories sometimes _________________the facts.

innate-infusion-distort-dispel-expound-profusion-discern-discrete-nascent-discreet

Lesson 14

1. The two neighboring countries existed together in ___________________. (“love”; friendship)
2. Mr. Rogers is an ______________________ television character (“love”; good-natured, agreeable)
3. AMOROUS, AMATORY:  which is used more often of people and which of things?  Many people enjoy ____________________ poetry, such as the sonnets of Shakespeare.  An ________________  coworker sent him flowers.
4. Dowsing for water is a form of _________________________.  So is looking in a crystal ball or using tarot cards. (“god”; foretelling, guessing what is decreed by the gods.)
5. VERITY-VERACITY:   Which is used of habitual accuracy/truth in people?  Which is used as a simple synonym for “truth”?  You cannot escape death or taxes:  this is an eternal ___________________.  We doubted his ___________________ because he had lied once before.
6. Cicero was a famous Roman ________________. (“speak formally”; one skilled in public address)  Some Latin students still read his ______________ (speeches).
7. Unfortunately, the __________________ was as long as the speech itself. (“through + speak”  the final part of a speech which sums it up)
8. In spite of the scandal, the ______________ of that official was never questioned. (“good”; integrity, uprightness)
9. The piano student earned her teacher’s ____________________ by practicing regularly. (“toward + good” synonym for approval)
10. The judge handed down a light sentence including a period of __________________. (“test”; provisional freedom on the promise of good behavior.) 
11. Many Vikings abandoned their _________________ habits and settled as farmers in England. (“seize”; living off plunder, greedy)
12. The _______________expressions on the children’s faces showed that they were completely absorbed in the story. (“seize”; in a state of pure enjoyment or ecstasy)
13. That company applies ________________ standards of quality and workmanship. (“draw tight”; rigorous, severe)
14. Her dermatologist recommended washing her face with an _____________. (“toward + draw”; one that contracts tissue or is harsh)
15. I found that shirt too _____________________ to wear when exercising.(“with/together  + draw”; limiting freedom of movement, etc.)
16. The expert _______________ that this was not a poisonous species of snake. (“toward + true”; to give a formal or positive opinion)

Words in context 14
1. This chair is the work of a ___________________, not a master craftsman.
2. The worst part of a banquet is listening to the after-dinner ___________________ by the honored guests.
3. The ________________ of Clinton’s Whitewater dealings has been repeatedly questioned.
4. I was embarassed by Joanie’s _______________ attempts to slip extra cookies and fruit  into her purse.
5. Hawks and falcons belong to a group of birds called ______________.
6. The ___________________ of the Hindu pantheon are almost too numerous to count.
7.  Holland has less _______________ anti-drug laws than the U.S.

divinities- orations- raptors- stringent- journeyman- surreptitious- probity                                                                      

Lesson 15

1. Combine the prefixes IN, CON, PRE, EX, and CIRCUM with the base CID-. CIS- to produce as many words as possible.  Examples:  “incisive, concise.” Look up the words to make sure they are real and define the ones you don’t know.  Write on a separate sheet of paper to turn in.

2. Both Romulus and Cain committed _____________________. (“brother-killing”)  The ancient Greeks considered ____________________ one of the worst crimes anyone could commit. (“mother-killing”)
3. The Romans thought that the goal of marriage for a woman was motherhood, hence the word ____________________ as a synonym for marriage. (“mother”; marriage)
4. _______________ feelings are aroused by the sight of a baby. (2 possibilities: “mother” or “father”; parentlike)
5. Paris in the 1920’s was filled with _____________________ Americans like Ernest Hemingway. (“out”+ “fatherland”; exiled)
6. Everyone hates to be ___________________. ( to receive advice, information, etc. from a “protector” of higher status; treated condescendingly)  Because of its occasional outbreaks of food poisoning, I refuse to ________________ that restaurant. (same word, different meaning; to give one’s business to)
7. Many immigrants receive help from their ______________________ in the U.S. (“country” + “with”; fellow countrymen)
8. They had the highest score in seven ___________________ matches. (“together + follow”; occurring successively without interruption)
9. A few ______________________ remarks preceded the main lecture of the evening. (“not “ + “with” + “follow”;  unimportant, without result)
10. Hamlet’s famous __________________ begins, “To be or not to be...”. (“speaking alone”; talking to oneself, esp. in a play)
11. Contestants in the Miss America competition are often described as __________________ (“lively”; full of life; animated)
12. The Miniature Golf Association has a ___________________ gathering every month (“with + live”; sociable, jovial)

Lesson 16

1. Words that link clauses, such as “AND” or “BUT” are called __________________. ( “with” + “join”)
2. The ogre’s nose was topped by a hideous __________________. (“out” + g”row” any abnormal outgrowth, such as a wart)
3. ________________ workers pick the fruit, moving from state to state. (“across” + “go”; migrant)
4. Our city is building a new rapid-______________ system. (“across” + “go”; travel)
5. Beatrice always has a snappy __________________ ready for Benedick when he insults her. (“back” + “join”; answer, retort)
6. Your handwriting is _____________________. (“not” + “read”)
7. Lyle Lovett is again an ____________________ bachelor. (“out” + “choose”)
8. I had a ____________________ that a terrible accident like this would happen. (“before” + “warn”; a feeling of impending doom)
9. He was ________________ in his determination to finish the third banana split. (“back + loosen”; unwavering, having a fixed purpose)

Words in context-Lesson 16
1. My salary rose steadily but in small _____________, so that I did not notice the changes until they accumulated.
2. The sculpture had become overgrown with moss, weeds--all sorts of unsightly _________.
3. The restaurant attracted customers because of its food and pleasant old-world _____________.
4. He was sentenced to two years in prison for _____________.
5. Rose gritted her teeth, biting back the _________to his insulting remark.
6. This machine allows us to ___________ your heart rate constantly.
7. If we pay them now for the broken streetlight, we will be ____________ of any further responsibility in the matter.
ambience- sedition- increments- absolved- monitor- excrescences- rejoinder

Lesson 17

1. Each guest at the Crab Festival devoured a pile of crab cakes with ______________. (“boil”; ardor, enthusiasm)
2. They offered ____________________ prayers for the safety of the soldiers overseas. (“boil”; passionate)
3. The __________________ emotions of the cult members erupted into violence. (“boil”; zealous, impassioned)
4. Champagne and Pepsi both ____________________________.  People with ____________________ personalities can be described as “bubbly.” (“out” + “boil”; emitting small bubbles of gas; being vivacious)
5. The ____________________ of light through a cut diamond creates a lovely effect. (“back” + “break/bend”; bending of light/sound when it passes from one medium to another)
6. The ____________________ behavior of the inmates caused them to lose their exercise privileges. (“back” + “break/bend”; stubborn, unmanageable)
7. The accident caused multiple _________________ in my leg. (“breaks”)
8. I prefer to use ____________________ sugar for most purposes. (sugar formed into “little grains”)
9. The hull of the boat was completely enveloped over time by _______________________ of barnacles and other sea creatures. (“to, toward” + “grow”; growth by gradual external addition or something added to increase that growth- from lesson 16)
10. Archaeologists found _____________________ and other storage facilities on the site. (“grain”; place for storing grain)
11. Even after ___________________ analysis of these fibers, we cannot connect them to the murder suspect. (“small”; characterized by close examination.)
12. Investigators found _____________________ quantities of the poison in his coffee cup. (very “small”; tiny-2 possibilities) 
13. The dollhouse was filled with ___________________ furniture.  ______________________ men can become successful performers, as the examples of Michael J. Fox and the artist formerly known as Prince show. (prefix di- from de-, +”small”; small)
14. We can allow no further _____________________ of the budget for education. (prefix like #13 +”state of smallness”; lessening, diminishing)
15. What does PATIENT mean as a noun and as an adjective?  How are these definitions related to the etymological meaning “suffer, endure”?  What is one definition of the word PASSION that shows a clear connection with suffering?
16. The poker player’s ____________________ face betrayed no information about his hand. (“not + suffer”; revealing no expression)
17. Few people can remain ________________________ when viewing pictures of starving children in Somalia. (“not + suffer “; unaffected by emotion)  What is the difference between the words in 16 and 17?
18. The antique desk was ornamented with _____________________ carvings. (“out + seek”; possessing a high degree of craft or excellence.  Also, intense or keen, as of a sensation)  She experienced a few seconds of ___________________ pain, then lost consciousness.
19. We could not obtain passports without submitting the________________ forms and documents. (“back + seek;” necessary)
20. The President announced his intention to reduce the ____________________ of government officials. (“through + seek”;  privileges/payments received in addition to a regular salary. Short form is “perks”)
21. The __________________ provided no new information about the murder. (“in + seek”; formal investigation)
22. Medical students learn about anatomy through the __________________ of cadavers. (“apart + cut”; cutting apart for study purposes; minute analysis.) 
23. Many animal rights groups are opposed to the practice of ___________________. (“live + cut”; dissecting the body of a living animal for research purposes)

Word Dissection
ACCRETION
COMPASSIONATE
DIMINUTION
DISSECTION
EXQUISITE
FRANGIBLE
FERVID
Diminutive Suffixes (pp. 103-104)
very tiny “small”: ___________________cule
a very small piece or part, speck: ________________icle
the simplest structural unit that shows the properties of a compound: __________cule
a small individual workspace: ________________icle
contractile tissue (literally “small mouse”): __________cle
a tidbit: _______________el
a type of French poem (“small circle”): _______________el
tiny dots that make up a computer picture: ________________els
aperture in the eye or student: _________________il
bacterium: ________________illus
a tiny man: ____________________culus
supplement to a will (literally “small book” from codex, book): _____________il
a small spherical mass, “ball”: _____________ule
a small grain-like object:_________________ule
a halo:  ____________ole
a pill, a seedpod, or a spacecraft compartment, from capsa, box:_________________ule
a domed structure on top of a roof: _________________ola
a kidney stone or an advanced form of mathematics (“little stone”): _____________ulus

Latin expressions (Lesson 25)
Fill in the correct expression.
1. An ________________________ committee will examine the pressing issue:  is Coca-Cola better than Pepsi? (regarding this)
2. The joke was reused _______________________ through the rest of the show. (to the point of nausea)
3. We need donations of household items:  pots and pans, blankets, _____________________. (and other things)
4. A court order of ___________________________ prevents the police from holding people in jail without legal cause. (you shall have the body)
5. __________________________ attacks are a poor way of making one’s point in any debate. (to the person)
6. My sweatshirt displays the name of my ______________________. (“bounteous mother”-college from which one was graduated)
7. Clark Kent is the _______________________ of Superman. (other I)
8. Though he has not been chosen in a free election he is the ______________________ leader. (by the very fact)
9. Ben and Jerry’s is the ___________________________ of ice cream. 
	(no more beyond)
10. “Is it raining outside?” I asked.  You answered that it was 70 degrees.  Your reply was a _________________________. (it does not follow)
11. The thief’s _____________________________ was to try doors until he found one unlocked. (method of operating)
12. Sugar consumption ________________________ is probably higher in the U.S. than anywhere else. (by heads)
13. This paper ____________________ (by itself) does not prove that Feynman is a genius but his work ___________________ (in the whole) definitely does.
14. Virgin olive oil is the _______________________ of a good salad. (without which, nothing)
15. Since you have chocolate stains on your shirt you are the _________________ culprit, but this case must be further investigated. (on the first appearance)

Greek Lesson 3

Fill in the blanks.  You may need to use the list of Greek prefixes on page 285.  For example, in number one below the prefix meaning “up” is ANA-.

1. the structure of the body (“cut + up”) _____________________
2. the study of insects (“study of cut-in” creatures) _______________________
3. one who writes or deciphers codes (“hidden writing”) ____________________
4. of questionable authenticity (“from” + “hidden”)  The story of George Washington and the cherry tree, though much beloved, seems to be __________________.
5. a storm with circular winds (“circle”) Dorothy and Toto’s house was caught in a ____________________.
6. scholarly term for “speaking in tongues” ________________________
7. one who attacks established ideas or images (“image breaker”) Successful politicians are rarely _________________________.
8. to imitate: _____________________.  to perform with gestures instead of words: ____________________. (both from base for “imitate”)
9. a lyric poem, especially a long dignified one: _______________ (“song”)
10. fireworks display, or any dazzling display (“fire skill”) _____________
11. symbols associated with a particular image/thing (“image writing”) The ______________________ of the United States includes symbols as diverse as eagles and apple pies.
12. to officially declare someone a saint (“rule”) ____________________
13. a list of an author’s works or a compilation of such lists (“book writing”) _____________________

Greek Lesson 4

1. a substance that reduces pain (“not + pain”) ___________________
2. examination of a tissue sample (“life” + “see,” OP)_________________
3. a person’s life story (“life” + “write”) _____________________
4. medicines that kill bacteria (“against” + “life”) ___________________
5. recurring or of long duration, as a pain (“time”) ___________________
6. to cause to operate with exact coincidence in time (“with” + “time”). Let’s _____________________ our watches.
7. anything out of its proper time, e.g. Columbus using a Seiko watch. (“up, back” + time”) __________________________
8. wild uproar or noise (“all” + “spirit”) _____________________
9. the mathematics of points, lines, angles, etc. (“earth” + “measure” METR) _________________________
10. pertaining to the internal “heat” of the “earth”___________________
11. a public speech of praise, esp. at a funeral (“good” + “speech”) __________
12. correspondence between things otherwise dissimilar (“up, back” + “speech”):  This book draws an __________________ between AIDS in the 20th century and tuberculosis in the 19th century.
13. dividing into elemental parts for examination (“up” + “loosen”) ___________
14. having to do with memory, esp. memory aids (“remember”) ___________
15. loss of memory (“not” + “remember”) _________________
16. a general pardon by a government (“not” + “remember”) _______________
17. an elevated platform, as for an orchestra conductor (“foot”) ____________
18. poetic name for places on the other side of the earth, e.g. Australia (“opposite” + “feet”) ____________________
19. all the gods of a people (“all” + “god”):  “the Aztec ______________”
20. belief in “one god” _____________________
21. conviction that god does not exist (“not” + “god”) _________________
22. deterioration from lack of use, esp. in a muscle (“not” + “grow”) _________________

Greek Lesson 5

1. the leading character in a play, book, etc. (“first, PROT[O] + struggle”) _______________.  An enemy (“against” + “struggle”) ______________
2. How is the word ANGEL related to EVANGELIST? (ev=eu)
3. odd, deviating from the norm (“out” + “center”) ___________________
4. What is the difference between PANDEMIC, EPIDEMIC, and ENDEMIC?
5. a leader who obtains power by appealing to emotions and prejudices in impassioned speeches (“people” + “lead,” AGOG(UE) ______________
6. criminal offense of marrying one person while already married to another (“two” + “marriage”) _________________.  State of marriage to several people: __________________.  Custom of marrying “outside” one’s own community: ______________________.  A sperm or an egg possessing half the number of required chromosomes for reproduction: ______________
7. A bruise or swelling filled with blood (“blood”) __________________
8. iron deficiency in the blood (“not” + “blood”) ___________________
9. an excessive flow of blood (“blood” + “flow”, RRAG) _________________
10. lasting only for a day, or a short while (“upon” + “day”) _____________
11. any journey out, but esp. referring to the departure of the Hebrews from captivity in Egypt (“out” + “road”) __________________
12. having to do with letters/correspondence (“upon” + “send”)  In an  ________________ novel, the story is told entirely through letters.  Word for an individual letter, as of Paul’s letters in the New Testament: ____________
13. one who advocates a new cause, a missionary (“away” + “send”) _______________
14. writing upon a gravestone (“upon” + “grave”) __________________
15. a grave set up when the body is missing, as of persons lost at sea: (“empty,” CENO + “grave”) ___________________
16. inducing a painless death for reasons assumed to be merciful (“good” + “death”) ______________________

Greek Lesson 6

1. the study of projectiles, such as military missiles (“throw”)______________
2. a situation that presents difficulty; a question put forward for discussion (“throw” + “before”) ______________________
3. something, esp. a written sign, used to represent something else (“together” + “throw”) ____________________
4. the complex of physical and chemical processes that sustain life (“changed” + “throw”) ______________________
5. word for elephant, rhinoceros or hippopotamus (“thick,” PACHY + “skin”) ___________________ (the three animals above all have Greek names.  What do the names mean?)
6. an injection “under the skin” _____________________________
7. the top layer of skin (“upon” + “skin”) ___________________________
8. a system of doctrines proclaimed true by a religious sect (“teaching”) __________________
9. a seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true (“beside” + “opinion”) ______________________
10. adhering to the traditional and established, esp. in religion (“straight” -see Greek ch. 9- + opinion”) ___________________
11. act of identifying a disease through examination (“through” + “know”) ____________________.  the doctor’s prediction about the course of the disease (“before + know”) ________________________
12. person who neither believes in nor denies the existence of God (“not” + “know”) _________________________
13. person who is attracted to members of the same sex (“same” + sex; the word SEX comes from Latin so this combined word is called a ___________)
14. What differences, if any, are there between the words HOMOGENEOUS, HOMOGENOUS, and HOMOGENIZED?
15. a transformation (“changed” + “from”) ______________________
16. the god of dreams and of the “forms” dreaming sleepers see ___________________.  From his name we get the name of an opiate drug used for pain relief ______________________.
17. shapeless (“not” + “form”) _____________________
18. having an unknown or withheld name ( “not” + “name”) ________________
19. emitting light after exposure to radiation OR emitting light as a result of organic processes. Some sea creatures are ______________________ (“light,” PHOS + “bear”)
20. a feeling of bliss or well-being (“well + bear”) __________________
21. personal belongings, or equipment.  Originally used in common law to mean a married woman’s belongings exclusive of the dowry (“beside” + dowry, PHERN[E]-) ______________________
22. art of embalming and preserving dead animals (“arrange” + “skin”) ____________________
23. grammar; the arrangement of words (“together” + “arrange”) The newspaper story had poor spelling and twisted _____________________.

---------------------------------------------

1. of or pertaining to the sense of the beautiful (“perceive”)   The furnishings in the room were ________________________ displeasing (use adverbial form).
2. substance that causes a loss of sensation, esp. of pain (“not” + “feel”)
___________________
3. effort to increase the wellbeing of humankind by donations of money, etc. (“love,” PHIL + “human”) ______________________
4. study of humankind _________________________
5. “human-like”; said of apes such as the gorilla.  Also used, oddly enough, to describe ape-like humans.  Because of his heavy brow-ridge he has an _______________________ appearance.
6. very “ancient” OR antiquated. __________________ forms such as “hark” and “mayhap” are no longer used in standard English.
7. ****This symbol is called an __________________. (“star”).  Note the correct spelling and pronunciation.  “Asterix”  is a French cartoon character, not a typographical symbol.
8. a grave misfortune (Latin prefix meaning “not” or “bad” + star”) ____________________.  the study of how the stars/planets supposedly influence human events is called _____________________.
9. the most abundant element in the universe; forms water when oxidized (“water-Greek lesson 13 + produce”) ________________________
10. human improvement by genetic control (“good + originate”) _____________________
11. organ that produces sperm or eggs (“originate”)__________________
12. pertaining to the aged or their health problems (“old people + medicine”) ___________________  vitamins for the elderly:  __________________
13. “rule by the old”   The  _____________________ in China shows no signs of disappearing.  This may be due to the Confucian tradition of respect for elders.
14. projection of a three-dimensional image (“whole” + “writing” -Lesson 14”)
15. total destruction by fire; any wholesale destruction. Capitalized:  the attempted genocide of the Jewish people during WWII. (“whole” + “burn” -Lesson 10)______________________
16. Doctor who treats the mentally ill (“mind” + “physician”) ________________.  Doctor who treats children _____________________
17. bad digestion or a bad mood (“bad” + “digest”) ___________________
18. pertaining to digestive tract or process ________________.  A digestive enzyme _____________.  stomach medicine _______________.
19. Fireworks (“fire” + “art”) ______________________

---------------------------------------------

WORD DISSECTION:  break the words into their component parts and give the English meanings of the parts.  You may need to use the index of Greek bases at page 285, and/or a dictionary.  Define each word unless you already know what it means.

1. CHROMOSOME

2. POLYCHROME

3. ENDOCRINE

4. What is the diffference between ETHOLOGY from Gr. ethos and ETHNOLOGY?

5. ECLECTIC

6. EPIPHANY

7. DIAPHANOUS

8. FANTASY

9. PEDOPHILE

10. BIBLIOPHILE

11. TELEPHONE

12. What is the Latin equivalent of POLYGLOT?

13. TAUTOLOGY

---------------------------------------------

1. Explain the etymology of SYNAGOGUE.

2. What is the difference between a PEDAGOGUE and a PEDANT?

3. how is the word SURGERY related to the base CH(E)IR?

4. What is the difference between the words COSMOLOGY and COSMETOLOGY?

5. What are the words for the “new stone age” and the “old stone age”? (stone-see Lesson11)

6. What is a PERIODONTIST? How could you deduce this from the word?

7. What do the dinosaur IGUANODON and the mammal MASTODON have in common, besides being extinct?

8. What do you call a person who is as comfortable in Paris or Beijing as at home? A citizen of the world... or a ________________________ (“city + universe”)

---------------------------------------------

1. a symbolic representation.  The book Pilgrim’s Progress is an ___________________ of the Christian’s life. (“other”)
2. sensitive reaction to a substance in the environment (“other + work”) ______________
3. being the same distance apart at every point OR having obvious similarities (“beside + other”) _________________
4. harsh, unpleasant sounds (“bad + sound”) __________________
5. beautiful handwriting is called ____________________ from CALLOS, beautiful.  Thus, bad handwriting is called ___________________, from CACOS, bad.
6. anything that “burns,” such as acid, is called __________________.
7. to burn a wound in order to cleanse the flesh of germs or aberrant growths is  to ___________________.
8. one who attacks traditional institutions or ideas (“destroy + image “) ___________________
WORD DISSECTION
SYMPATHY, EMPATHY, APATHY, ANTIPATHY:  how are they different?
NEOPHYTE
APOSTATE
METAPHYSICS
EPITHET

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1. to engage in love affairs casually (“love + man”) ________________
2. a robot that looks “like a man” _______________________
3. a “woman-hater” _________________  a hater of humanity (“hate + human”) ____________________
4. something peculiar to an individual (“one’s own + together + mixed, CRAS)
____________________
5. loss of the ability to speak (“not + speak”) _____________
6. “commode” instead of “toilet” (“good + speak”) _________________
7. a form of mental illness (“split + brain”) __________________
8. a conventional, oversimplified belief about a person, group, issue, etc. (“solid + stamp”) _____________________ (Originally a metal printing plate.)
9. the viewing of objects as 3-dimensional is called ___________________ vision (“3-dimensional + viewing, SCOP”)
Some Greek Names:  what do they mean?
Philip	Alexander
George	Phyllis
Melissa	Paul

You are responsible for all of these but the ones with the asterisk are the most important.  Greek prefixes do not assimilate, except for syn-.  

*a-, an-, not, without:   anemic, anarchy, atom (=Latin in “not”)
amphi-, on both sides:  amphibious, amphitheater (=Latin ambi-)
*ana-, up, back, again:  analysis, anatomy
*anti-, ant-, against, opposite:  antiseptic, antagonist
apo-, ap-, from, off:  apocalypse, apostle, apogee
cata-, cat-, down, against, very:  catapult, catalogue, catastrophe
*dia-, di-, through, across:  dialysis, dialogue, diatom
*dys-, bad:  dysfunction, dystopia, muscular dystrophy
*ec-, ex-, out, out of:  eccentric, ecstasy, exodus (=Latin e-, ex-)
ecto-, exo-, outside, external:  exotic, ectoplasm, exobiology, ectoparasite
*en-, em-, el-, in, into:  energy, enthusiasm, emphasize, elliptical
endo-, ento-, end-, ent-, within:  endocrine, endogamy
epi-, upon, to, in addition:  epitome, epidermis, epidemic
*eu-, ev-, good:  eugenics, utopia (note dropping of e), evangelist, euthanasia
*hyper-, over, excessive:  hyperactive, hypertension (=Latin super-)
*hypo-, hyp-, below, less than normal:  hypoglycemia, hypodermic (cf. Latin sub-)
*meta-, met-, after, changed:  metamorphosis, metabolism, method
*para-, par-, beside, disordered:  paralysis, parasite, parody
peri-, around, near:  perimeter, periscope (=Latin circum-)
*pro-, before, in front of:  program, prologue (=Latin ante-, pre-)
pros-, toward, in addition to:  proselytize, prosthetic
*syn-, with, together:  synthesis, synonym, sympathy, syllable (Latin con-)

AFFECT vs. EFFECT

AFFECT
1. as a verb:  
(a) to move, touch in mind or feelings, influence, make a material impression on.  “How seriously will the construction work affect our schedule?”

(b) to like to use, wear, etc.; to use or display ostentatiously.  “He took to wearing the black leather jackets that most of his friends affected.” The noun affectation has the same sense: “Lately Justin speaks with a British accent and has other absurd affectations.”

2. as a noun (used in psychology):  emotion, mood.  “This degenerative disease damages the personality and causes the patient to lose all affect.”

EFFECT
1. as a verb:  to bring about (an event or result), to accomplish an intention or desire.  “A police officer may use reasonable force to effect the arrest.”
“Only by using these methods can we effect change in the system” 

2. as a noun:  something accomplished, caused or produced.  “These drugs have a beneficial effect on those suffering from arthritis.”  “A law was passed but it had little effect.”  Note the expression “put into effect.”

Exercise:  Fill in the appropriate word:
1. How did the photographer achieve such a striking __________?
2. Will this bad news _____________ him, or will he remain unmoved?
3. This law goes into ______________ on the first of the month.
4. New software would help me ______________ the necessary changes in our billing system.

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