#include <stdio.h>

readnum(i)
int *i;
{ 
  if (!feof(stdin)) scanf("%d", i);
  else *i = 0;
}

readchar(ch)
char *ch;
{
  if (!feof(stdin)) scanf("%c",ch);
  else *ch = '\0';
}
readstr(str)
char *str;
{
  if (!feof(stdin)) scanf("%s", str);
  else *str = '\0';
}

printnum(i)
int i;
{
  printf("%d", i);
}

printchar(ch)
char ch;
{
  printf("%c", ch);
}

printstr(str)
char *str;
{
  printf("%s", str);
}

printnl()
{  
  printf("\n");
}

int eof()
{
  if (feof(stdin)) return(1);
  else return(0);
}

char chr(i)
int i;
{ 
  return(i);
}

int ord(ch)
char ch;
{ 
  return(ch);
}

void zero_div()
{ 
  printf("Run time ERROR, divide by zero\n");
  exit(0);
}

void array_bound()
{ 
  printf("Run time ERROR, array index out of bound\n");
  exit(0);
}