The Changing Face of European Identity:

A Seven-Nation Study of (Supra)National Attachments

Edited by

Richard Robyn

Department of Political Science

Kent State University

Kent, OH 44242

Ph. 330-672-8944 (o.)

Ph. 330-405-9861 (h.)

Email: rrobyn@kent.edu

ABSTRACT

The Changing Face of European Identity:

A Seven-Nation Study of (Supra)National Attachments

Drawing upon systematic research using Q Methodology in seven countries in Europe, this volume presents results of the most extensive effort yet at cross-cultural, subjective assessment of national and supranational identity. The studies attempt to explain how the European Union, as the most visible experiment in mass national identity change in the contemporary world, influences how Europeans think about their political affiliations.

Q Methodology is utilized as the basic approach for all of the studies. To achieve optimum cross-cultural comparisons, study instruments were all uniformly constructed across the cultural spectrum but translated for each locale.

Studies were conducted primarily in the spring and summer of 2001. The respondent sample (P-Set) included more than three hundred participants from Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, and Sweden.

Results of completed studies are presented in separate chapters, including specific (supra)national identity types discovered. A concluding chapter summarizes results and address the implications of the research for political analyses and the possibilities for future European political configurations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Richard Robyn

II. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Richard Robyn

III. Beyond Duality: Danes’ Views on Denmark and the European Union 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Kim Christian Schrøder

Søren Esben Hansen

IV. Being in Europe: Pluralism and Patriotism in England and Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Una McCormack

V. Supranational Identity Emerging in France, Nationalism Submergent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Richard Robyn

VI. Steadfastly European?: German (Supra)National Identity in a Rapidly Changing Europe . . . . . . . . . . 236

De Forest Colegrove

VII. Italian Multiple Identities . . . . . . . . . . .277

Andrea Pitasi

Jaia Pasquini

Maria Francesca Massoni

VIII. European Identity Frames in the Netherlands . . 310

Christ'l De Landtsheer

Craig Carroll

Ralph Hekscher

IX. Northern Ireland, Identity and Europe . . . . . . 363

John Barry

X. Being a Swede in a Transforming European Setting: The Structures of an Emerging Swedish Supra-national Identity in the 21st Century. . . . . . . . . . . 364

Tom Bryder

Daniel Silander

Charlotte Wallin

XI. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Richard Robyn

Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427