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Computers
Merit Badge
Merit Badge
Instructor:
Joe Bolen
Buckeye
Council
Netawotwes
District
Troop
86 – Dover, Ohio
![](3D"master48_image004.gif")
![](3D"master48_image005.gif")
Computers Merit Badge Requirements
(1-2)
1=
.Give
a short history of computers. Des=
cribe the
major parts of a computer system. Give =
four
different uses of computers.
2=
.Do
the following:
a=
)Tell
what a program is and how it is developed.
b)Give three examples of programming languages and
what types of programming they are used for.
c=
)Describe
a source program and an object program.
Computers Merit Badge Requirements
(3-4)
3.Show how the
following may be stored in computer memory: text, numbers, pictures, and sound.
a)Use a database
manager to create a troop roster, providing name, rank, patrol, and telephone number of each
Scout. Sort the register by rank, by patrol, and alphabeticall=
y by
name.
b)Use a spreads=
heet
program to develop a weekend campout food budget for your patrol.
c)Use a word
processor to write a letter to parents of your troop's Scouts, inviting them to a court of honor. Use the mail merge feature to make a personalized copy of the letter =
for
each family.
d)Use a computer
graphics program to design and draw a campsite plan for your troop.
Computers Merit Badge Requirements
(5)
5.Do =
TWO of
the following
a)Vis=
it a
business or industry that uses computers.
Study what =
the
computer accomplishes and be prepared to discuss what you observed.
b)Use=
a
computer attached to a local area network or equipped to a modem to connect to a computer netwo=
rk or bulletin-board service such as Prodigy, CompuServe=
, or America Online.
Send a message to someone on the network or download a program or file from the
network.
c)Use=
a
general-purpose programming language to write a program application of your choice, subject to app=
roval
by your counselor.
Computers Merit Badge Requirements
(6)
6.Be prepare=
d to
discuss several terms used in each of the following
categories:
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>a)Input/outp=
ut
devices
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>b)Storage
Media
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>c)Memory
=
;
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>d)Processors=
and
coprocessors
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>e)Modems
=
;
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>f)Networks&#=
13;
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>g)Electronic
Mail
<=
span
style=3D'mso-special-format:"numbullet9\,1";color:#669999;mso-color-index:=
5;
position:absolute;left:-6.87%;top:.39em;font-size:70%'>h)Robotics
Computers Merit Badge Requirements
(7-9)
7.Be prepared to discuss various jobs in t=
he computer
field.
8.Is it permissible to accept a free copy =
of a
computer game or program from a friend? Why or why not?
9.Describe several ways in which you and <=
/span>your
family could use a personal computer other than for games and
recreation.
Time
flies by quickly, so let’s begin!
Requirement 1
Give a short history of <=
/span>computers.
History of Computers - Abacus
lThe first true
calculating machine (before 400 BC) was the abacus =
![](3D"slide0003_image007.jpg")
Napier’s Bones (circa 1617)
lThe Scottish inv=
entor =
of
logarithms went on to construct =
calculating
rods (made from bone) that perform multiplication and
division by simply adding and subtracting
lLed=
to
slide rules (1621 – Fr. Oughtred)
![](3D"slide0035_image008.gif")
Charles
Babbage’s “Difference Machine=
” and
“Analytical Engine”
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-8.26%;top:.39em'>l1822=
and
1833 designs
lProt=
otype
for modern computers
lFour parts: Input
device, memory (store), processor (mill), and an output device
<=
span
class=3DHBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-8.23%;top:.39em'>lThe =
difference
machine was actually built recently at
MIT.. and worked!!![](3D"slide0004_image010.jpg")
Herman Hollerith’s
Punch Cards
Punch Cards
lDeveloped to win a
contest by the Census Bureau to improve census data proces=
sing
after the 1880 census had taken seven years to tabulate.
lThey were used successfully in the 1890 U. S.
Census
lThe concept =
was
not THAT new – in France in 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard inven=
ted
an automatic=
loom using
punched cards for the control of the patterns in t=
he
fabrics.
lHerman Hollerith=
later formed the company that became IBM (International
Business Machines Corporation).
![](3D"slide0005_image012.jpg")
Colossus Mark I (England), =
Harvard
Mark I, ENIAC, EDVAC
lWorld War II: computers were developed to break German and Japanese message codes and create firing tables
<=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:48.5%;left:8.98%;width:44.38%;height:5.25%'=
>lTechnologies: cent=
ral processors were made up of vacuum tubes
lBeginning with the=
Harvard Mark
I, they could be re-programmed by re-wiring with =
plugs like a switchboard, or with
![](3D"slide0006_image014.jpg")
De-bugging computers is born
lSeptember 9, 194=
5 –=
Ensign
Grace Murray Hopper (RADM, USN) =
removed
the first “bug” from a electromagnetic =
relay
in the Harvard Mark II where it had been smashed, halt=
ing =
the
computer. She taped
the moth to a page the log book.
![](3D"slide0010_image016.jpg")
Technological
Breakthroughs
Breakthroughs
l1947 - William
Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain
invent the "transfer resistance" device,
later to be known as the “transistor,” to replace
vacuum tubes
l1951 – Magnetic-core memory also replaces tubes,
making real-time memory use practical
![3D"Point-contact](3D"slide0007_image018.jpg")
![](3D"slide0007_image020.jpg")
Remington
Rand UNIVAC – 1951 - Deliver=
ed to
the Census Bureau
lFirst mass-produced=
computer
(46 made)
lThe size of a one-c=
ar =
garage
(14’ x 8’ x 8.5’)
l5,200 vacuum tubes =
=
required
a chilled water air conditioning system
lGovernment, GE, insurance
companies, DuPont (scientific)
l1956 Concordance of=
the
Bible (6 mos. vs. 30 yrs)
![](3D"slide0036_image022.jpg")
Integrated Circuit
=
l1958
– Jack Kilby created the first “integrated circuit” at =
T=
exas
Instruments to prove that resistors and capacitors =
=
could
exist on the same piece of semiconductor material.
His circuit consisted of a sliver of poisonous germanium
with five components linked by wires. Germanium was soon =
=
replaced
by silicon (1961).
![3D"Kilby](3D"slide0008_image024.jpg")
Microprocessors
l1971
- Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and others at =
Intel
designed the 4004 microprocessor while =
building
a custom chip for Busicom, a Japanese =
calculator
maker. The 4004 had 2,250 transistors, handling data=
=
in
four-bit chunks, and could perform 60,000 =
operations
per second.
![3D"Intel](3D"slide0009_image026.jpg")
Electronic
Hobby Computers evolve =
into
Personal Computers!!
l1975
- Electronics hobbyists buy the
earliest personal computer
lMITS
Altair 8800 (Intel 8080)
l1976
- Consumer computers arrive=
after
several companies begin =
large
scale manufacturing
l1976
- Apple Computer Apple II
l1977
- Radio Shack TRS-80
lCommodore
PET
lHeath
H8, H9
l1981 – IBM PC
![](3D"slide0011_image028.jpg")
![=3DTRS-80](3D"slide0011_image030.jpg")
![](3D"slide0011_image032.jpg")
Types of
Computers
lCategories
lSpecial purpose<=
/u>
(digital watch, emission control computer, home security
system)
lGeneral purpose<=
/u>
(Mainframes, Minis, PCs)
lSizes
lSupercomputers
(beginning with the CRAY I in 1976!! - massively parall=
el
processing)
lMainframes
(multi-user IBM, DEC, NCR, etc.)
lMinicomputers
(multi-user DEC, Sun, file servers)
lMicrocomputers
(single-user personal computers)
lNEW – wearable
computers now in development
Requirement 1
Give four different uses =
of computers.
Uses for Computers
lFor
supercomputers…
lWeather
forecasting, satellite tracking, research
lFor
mainframe computers…
lBanking,
library automation, flight scheduling, census
lFor
minicomputers…
lOperate manufacturing plants, track orders and
inventory, multi-user
applications, web, email, and database services
lFor
microcomputers…
lSpreadsheets,
word processing, graphics, games, communications
Requirement 1
Describe the major parts o=
f a computer
system.
Input Devices (digitizers)
lKeyboard
(QUERTY, Dvorak, custom – an alphanumeric symbol digitizer)
lMouse
and other Pointing devices
lTrackball,
joystick, pressure-sensitive tablet, touch screen – a location
digitizer
lSound
digitizer (microphone, MIDI device)
lScanner
(an image digitizer)
lSensor
(temperature, light, moisture, smoke, movement, or other
environmental digitizer)
Process Unit
lCentral Processing Unit (CPU) is the “brain,”
and is some brand = of microprocessor chip
and is some brand = of microprocessor chip
lIntel 4004 – 2,250 transistors; 8088 – 40,000; 804=
86 – 1
million; Pentium =
– 7
million; Pentium II – 30 million
lThe CPU is normally mounted in a plug-in socket on=
=
the mother=
board, a circuit board tying everything in the computer together via an electronic “bus”
=
lCo-processors
are used to offload computing tasks from
the CPU, such as mathematics and graphics
lRandom Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only
Memory (ROM) are also mounted here
lROM is permanent, often re-writable (CMOS)
lRAM is transient unless permanently powered (Palm)=
Output Devices
lPrinters (the first
output device) and Plotters
lImpact (daisywheel)=
and
dot-matrix
lThermal (early BW a=
nd
color)
lLaser (highest qual=
ity,
BW and color)
lPlotters (pens on
moving arms like seismographs)
lInk-jet (color plot=
ters
lead to printers, some also thermal)
lMonitor
lAnalog: CRT
(cathode-ray tube) – the “monitor”
lDigital: LCD
(liquid-crystal display) screens
lSound Card (digital to analog
converter)
Magnetic Storage
lSequential
Access
lMagnetic
Tape
lReel-to-reel
or cassette
lOriginal microcomputer media,
now used for backups =
now used for backups =
lRandom
Access
lFloppy
Disk (8”, 5 Ľ”, 3.25”, etc.)
lMagnetic
powder coating on flexible disk in sleeve
lDrive
contains an actuator and read-write head on arm
lHard
Disk
lMagnetically
coated metallic platters on high-speed spindle
lDrive
actuator with many floating read-write heads on arms
lFor more information see
PC Tech Guide (where this
diagram came from =
-----
>)
![3D"04gmrhead.gif](3D"slide0016_image034.gif")
![](3D"slide0016_image036.jpg")
![](3D"slide0018_image037.gif")
Optical
Storage
Storage
lCD-ROM (Compact-Disc Read-Only Memory)
=
=
lWrite laser burns pits into the surface of the dis=
k
=
lRead laser bounces light off the pitted surface=
3;
=
lWORM – Write Once Read Many, or CD-R
=
lNewest formats: CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW
lCapacity (newer media have higher capacities)
=
lCompare the CD-ROM surface (left) to the DVD surfa=
ce
(right)
lFor more information see =
How CDs
Work and =
PC Tech
Guide
Motion
picture
4.5
gigabytes
DVD-5
270,000
pages
540
megabytes
CD-ROM<=
/span>
40,000=
pages
80 meg=
abytes
Hard Dr=
ive
720 ty=
ped
pages
1.4
megabytes
High-de=
nsity
disk
Equiva=
lent
Size
Typical
Capacity
Medium<=
/span>
![3D"10pitch.gif](3D"slide0018_image039.gif")
Communication Devices
lModem (modulator-=
=
demodulator;
another digital to analog signal =
converter)
=
lNetw=
ork
Interface Card (NIC)
![](3D"slide0051_image041.gif")
![](3D"slide0051_image043.gif")
Requirement 2
a)Tell what=
a
program is and how it is developed.
Computer Software
lThree
main categories of programs
lOperating
Systems
lControl
all of the computer’s basic operations
§Input,
output, file, memory, and task management
§Text-based (UNIX, CP/M, MS-DOS) and graphical (GUI)
(Xerox Star, Macintosh,
X-Windows, Linux, Microsoft Windows)
lApplication
Programs
lPerform
specific jobs or tasks with the
computer
§Database
manager, spreadsheet, word processor, page layout, graphics, CAD, animation, sound, communications=
3;
lProgramming
Languages
lA
program used to develop and write=
other
programs and applications
Requirement 2
b)Give three ex=
amples
of programming langua=
ges
and what type of programmin=
g they
are used for.
c)Describe a so=
urce
program and a object
program.
Programming Languages
lMachine code
(low-level code, object code)
lSpecific to the microprocessor (Z80, 6502, 8088)&#=
13;
lAn instruction set to move decimal data through the
CPU
lAssembly language is a mnemonic symbol set for the
CPU
lHigh-level languages
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lSource code
lCOBOL, FORTRAN, BAS=
IC,
Pascal, Ada, C, VB
lObject oriented
(modular) languages – C++, Java
lTranslated by a compiler
into object code before run-time
l…or translated by an interpreter into object code at
run-time (MUCH slower – Basic, scripting languages like Pe=
rl, JavaScript, VBScript, HTML, XML)
Programming Language Use
lCOBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language) for busi=
ness data processing
lFORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) for scientific and
engineering problem=
s
lBASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic instruction=
Code)
for educational and pe=
rsonal
computing (NOTE: Visual Basic is now widely
used in business office automation to build client-server =
applications and integrate them with office
applications)
lPascal for educational and general-purpose (led to=
Ada,
now widely used in
government and defense contracts)
lC, C++ and Java for cross-platform portable, object
oriented (reusable modules)
application and game development
lPerl, JavaScript, VBScript, and MANY other scripti=
ng
languages, all interpreted, f=
or
system administration, web pages, data work
Requirement 3
Show how the following may=
be stored
in computer memory: text, numbers, pictures, and sound.=
Data Storage: Text & Numbers
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lComputers use binary numbers (1’s and 0’s) to store
data. One digit is a bit; four are a nibble, eight are a
byte. Integers (whole =
numbers) can be stored directly in binary bytes.&#=
13;
l0 =3D 00000000 3 =3D 00000011
=
l1 =3D 00000001 4 =3D 00000100
=
l2 =3D 00000010 5 =3D 00000101
=
lA byte can be translated into a decimal number by =
adding
up the decimal values ind=
icated
by “1’s” in the binary number
l128 64 32 16 8 4 =
2 1
decimal values
l 0 0
0 0 0 =
0 0
0 binary places (8-bit)&=
#13;
l 0 0 =
1 0 =
1 0 =
1 0
binary equals 42=
decimal (32+8+2)
lAdditional translation schemes have been developed=
to
match character sets to
decimal and binary, such as ASCII & EBCDIC
Data Storage: Text & Numbers
![3D"ASCII](3D"slide0020_image045.jpg")
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------=_NextPart_01C5DADB.7A7AFA60
Content-Location: file:///C:/D16B4A33/mblessons_files/slide0038.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1252"
lText and numeric characters are stored as <=
span
style=3D'font-size:81%'>=
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information =
Interchange ) values, consisting of 128 different =
decimal codes. <=
/span>Extended ASCII
goes to 256 codes.
=
lASCII
translates each letter and number into a binary byte (8 bits) that the computer =
understands.
l"1" is ASCII decimal “49” and binary
00110001
l"A" is ASCII decimal “65” and binary
01000001
l“&” is ASCII decimal “38” and binary 00100110&=
#13;
l“z” is ASCII decimal “122” and binary 01111010
![](3D"slide0038_image046.gif")
ASCII Translation
(space)<=
/span>
001000=
00
32
S=
010100=
11
83
T=
010101=
00
84
U=
010101=
01
85
O=
010011=
11
79
C=
010000=
11
67
S=
010100=
11
83
Y=
010110=
01
89
O=
010011=
11
79
B=
010000=
10
66
Alphanum=
eric
ASCII =
Binary
ASCII D=
ecimal
Data Storage: Pictures
lComputer pictures are stored as millions of colore=
d dots
called “pixels” (picture elements) that have to be translated
to an analog signal for an ana= log CRT monitor to display them (LCD panels are already digital so no translation is required).
called “pixels” (picture elements) that have to be translated
to an analog signal for an ana= log CRT monitor to display them (LCD panels are already digital so no translation is required).
lEach black & white pixel is either on or off; =
each
color pixel is three =
dots,
Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) that combine to create a color. Co=
lor
pixel combinations range from 256 possible colors to over 16.8 million colors (real, or true color).=
lThe more pixels a picture has, the better it looks=
(it
has a higher resolu=
tion).
Each pixel has an associated color and location on the screen expressed in binary terms.
<=
/span>
lWhen stored, =
each
pixel’s information is saved to disk separately. In
a true color (32 bit) pixel, 4 bytes are used to store the color information for each dot in the pixel. F=
or a
1600x1200-pixel display th=
is is
8-million bytes of video memory, stored as one 8mb disk file!
(bit-depth in How Computer Monitors Work )
lFor more detailed
information see =
How
Graphics Cards Work
![](3D"slide0021_image048.jpg")
![](3D"slide0040_image049.gif")
A pixel
Color Displays
![](3D"slide0041_image050.gif")
Red
![](3D"slide0041_image051.gif")
Green
![](3D"slide0041_image052.gif")
Blue
![](3D"slide0041_image053.gif")
Purple
![](3D"slide0041_image054.gif")
Yellow
Color Displays
![](3D"slide0042_image055.gif")
Black
![](3D"slide0042_image056.gif")
White
![](3D"slide0043_image057.gif")
Intensity - Millions of colors
Red=3D
Blue=3D
Green=3D
![](3D"slide0043_image058.gif")
255
255
255
![](3D"slide0043_image059.gif")
128
128
128
![](3D"slide0043_image060.gif")
10
168
64
CRT Display
LCD Display
LCD Display
lCRT
lDot Trio
lAperture Grill
lSlotted Mask
lEnhanced Dot Pitch
lLCD
![3D"07DSTN.gif](3D"slide0034_image062.gif")
![3D"06crtmon.gif](3D"slide0034_image064.gif")
![3D"06EDP.gif](3D"slide0034_image066.gif")
![3D"06slotmask.gif](3D"slide0034_image068.gif")
![3D"06apgrill.gif](3D"slide0034_image070.gif")
![3D"06EDP.gif](3D"slide0034_image071.gif")
![3D"07lcdpanel.gif](3D"slide0034_image073.gif")
Data Storage: Sound
lNormal sound is made up of waves or vibrations.&nb=
sp;
Each sound wave has a wavelengt= h (how far between
the waves) and amplitude (how high the = wave is).
Each sound wave has a wavelengt= h (how far between
the waves) and amplitude (how high the = wave is).
lA mixed, analog waveform signal comes in to the so=
und
card from a source
(microphone) and is processed in real-time by an analog-to-<=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:36.0%;left:8.05%;width:104.11%;height:4.5%'=
>digital converter (ADC) circuit chip to create a b=
inary
(digital) output of 1s a=
nd
0s. This is done at a specified
interval or “sampling frequen=
cy”
(i.e., 1/10th of a second).
lThe digital output from the ADC is further process=
ed and
compressed by the digital sound
processor (DSP), and the output from
the DSP is sent to the computer's CPU via the sound card =
connections and the data bus on the motherboard.&#=
13;
lDigital sound data is processed by the CPU and sent to the hard-=
disk controller to be recorded on the hard-disk drive as a wav file.
lPlayback is a reversal of this process, using a a
digital-to-analog convert=
er
(DAC) circuit chip to play back the binary sound file.
<=
/div>
lFor more detailed information see =
How Sound
Cards Work
![](3D"slide0045_image074.gif")
Storing
Sound
=
=
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:70%'>lSound waves are
sampled at a constant rate (sample rate)
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:70%'>lAmplitude (hei=
ght)
of the wave is stored.
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:70%'>lThe higher the
sample rate the better the sound
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:70%'>lThe higher the
sample rate the more data is stored
Wavelength
![3D"Text](3D"slide0045_image075.gif")
amplitude
![](3D"slide0045_image076.gif")
![](3D"slide0045_image077.gif")
![](3D"slide0045_image078.gif")
sample rate
![](3D"slide0045_image079.gif")
![](3D"slide0045_image080.gif")
![](3D"slide0045_image081.gif")
Analog
to Digital
![](3D"slide0046_image083.jpg")
![](3D"slide0046_image084.gif")
16,777,216
65,536
Number of possible Output =
Levels
24-bit
16-bit
Sampling Accuracy
192,000
44,100
Samples per second
192 kHz
44.1 kHz
Sampling Rate
DVD Audio
CD Audio
Communications
lComput=
ers
communicate if they are electronically connected,
have the appropria= te software, and have common protocols
or rules for negotiating their communication.
have the appropria= te software, and have common protocols
or rules for negotiating their communication.
lComput=
ers
are digital, as are networks, but phones and wireless communications move data primarily as analog sound
waves.
lMod=
ems
translate digital information to analog sound for transmission along telephone lines, and back to
digital at the other end. They mu=
st
synchronize speeds, block sizes, and correct errors during communications.
lEarly modems were 300 baud (bits per second, or ab=
out 36
characters per
second) 33.6 KBPS modems move ove=
r 4000
bytes per second.
lAnalog
telephone lines are generally limited to modem speeds of 33.6 KBPS; new 56K modems and 64K to 128K ISDN
connections make use some of t=
he
digital aspects of modern telephone lines.
lDSL uses high frequency compression to achieve 1.5=
mbps
down; Cable Modems can d=
eliver
30-40 mbps of _shared_ bandwidth
Networking
lMany
computers make digital connections to a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) via telep=
hone
lines (twisted pair), coaxial = cable, fiber optic cables, radio, or wireless communications.
lines (twisted pair), coaxial = cable, fiber optic cables, radio, or wireless communications.
lNetworks make it possible for large numbers of
computers to com=
municate
with each other, and to share resources such as =
files, applications, and devices.
lNetworks manage digital traffic by moving data as
packets, with elabor=
ate
protocols for ordering or prioritizing them, checking =
errors, and filtering.
lLocal area networks can be configured as star netw=
orks,
bus networks, or token-=
ring
networks
lNetwor=
ks can
be connected to WANs or to the Internet via modem, ISDN, cable modem, satellite, and other
devices
lFor
more detailed information see =
How
Ethernet Works
Network Configurations
lBus Network connected to a Star
Network
![](3D"slide0033_image086.gif")
Electronic Mail (Email)
lEmai=
l allows users to send and receive electronic mes=
sages
over any type of network or modem connection using a store
and forward methodology.
over any type of network or modem connection using a store
and forward methodology.
lMessag=
es are
uploaded to the local mail server, passed to the recipient’s account on that server, or forwarded t=
o an
external mail server=
over
a number of “hops” via intermediate servers.
lMessages are downloaded by the recipient’s mail cl=
ient
from their mail server when the messages arrive, or when the
recipient opens an active
connection to that server from their client.
lDependi=
ng on
the type of mail service, messages may remain on the host mail server or be downloaded to the local
computer.
lImproved
bandwidth for networks and the Internet has made =
instant messaging and real-time chat a viable form=
of
electronic communication, and=
is
making voice-over-IP practical as well.
lFor
more detailed information see =
How Email
Works
![3D"Cycle](3D"slide0032_image087.gif")
SMTP
Connections
SMTP
Connections
SMTP
Connections
SMTP
Connections
Web Mail Server
(HotMail, Yahoo, AOL, etc.)
(HotMail, Yahoo, AOL, etc.)
POP3 Server
(your ISP)
(your ISP)
IMAP Server
(UNT EagleMail)
(UNT EagleMail)
Proprietary
data-based Mail Server
(Exchange, GroupWise)
(Exchange, GroupWise)
![](3D"slide0032_image088.gif")
Email
Client
(Outlook)
Client
(Outlook)
Web
Browser
(IE or
Netscape)
Browser
(IE or
Netscape)
IMAP Client
(Outlook Express)<= /span>
(Outlook Express)<= /span>
POP3 Client
(Netscape, OE)
(Netscape, OE)
* Proprietary servers
usually store email messages and attachments
in a real database of <=
/span>some form
=
* POP, IMAP, and
some Web Email servers store email messages
and text-encoded attachments as text
files in most cases
* Email moves between servers
over SMTP=
=
* The user reads their email by using
some sort of client software=
=
to connect to the mail server
Email
Requirement 7
Be prepared to discuss var=
ious
jobs in the computer field.
Computers at Work
lThe co=
mputer
industry is HUGE with many opportunities
in sales, development, manufacturing, training, implementation, support, and consulting&=
#13;
lElectrical
engineers, electronics technicians, repairmen
lApplication
designers, developers, support staff, instructors, consultants, technical writers, and editors
lGraphics d=
esigners, special effects, art and film technicians, medical technicians, geosystems analysts, and any =
other job where the individual primarily processes compu=
ter-based information
lSystem adm=
inistrators, network administrators, database <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:75.75%;left:11.98%;width:82.2%;height:4.75%=
'>administrators, security analysts, communications =
specialists, and outsourcing service providers
=
;
lJobs
related to the use of robotics in
manufacturing
Requirement 8
Is it permissible to accep=
t a
free copy of a computer game or program from a friend?
Why
or why not?
Copyrights & Software Piracy
------=_NextPart_01C5DADB.7A7AFA60
Content-Location: file:///C:/D16B4A33/mblessons_files/slide0047.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1252"
lSoftwa=
re
publishers have always taken pains to protect their intellectual property.
lMost software is covered by copyright, meaning =
that
it cannot be copi=
ed
without special permission from the author
lOften
there will be a specific statement that you can make a backup
<=
/span>
lMost commercial software packages have elaborate
licensing agreements, much mo=
re
like leasing than buying
lSharew=
are,
freeware, banner ware, ad ware, and open-source =
software are all variations on the licensing of
software
lPublic-domain software is not copyrighted, and is =
free
to be copied and use=
d
lCop=
ying
software outside the limits of the licensing agreement is a crime;=
the Software Publishers Associat=
ion (now called SIIA) has =
an extensive anti-piracy program and web site.
Credits
lChristopher Stra=
uss,
Frontier Trails District, Troop 132
www.scsit=
e.com/dc2005
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.78%;top:.39em'>lCo=
mputers,
BSA Merit Badge Series, ©1993
l“Info=
rmation
Technology Timeline”. <=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%;top:.39em'>l=
www.computer.org
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%;top:.39em'>l=
www.howstuffworks.com
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%;top:.39em'>l=
www.pctechguide.com
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