1.1
a) The company that popularized personal computing was Apple Computer.
b) The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was the IBM Personal Computer.
c) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs.
d) The six key logical units of the computer are the input, output, memory, storage, cpu and the alu.
e) The three classes of languages discussed in the chapter are machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages.
f) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called compilers.
g) Tagging, or labeling content, is a key part of the collaborative theme of Web 2.0.
h) With Internet applications, the desktop evolves to the webtop.
i) Refactoring involves reworking code to make it clearer and easier to maintain while preserving its functionality.
j) With open source development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in developing, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes, typically at no charge.
k) The ARPANET was the predecessor to the Internet.
l) The information-carrying capacity of a communications medium like the Internet is called bandwidth.
m) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
1.2
a) The web browser allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.
b) Tim Berners-Lee founded an organization- called the W3C- devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web.
c) Objects are reusable software components that model items in the real world.
d) In a typical client/server relationships, the client requests that some action be performed and the server performs the action and responds.
1.3
Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:
a) CPU- hardware
b) ALU- hardware
c) input unit- hardware
d) an editor program- software
1.4
a) Which logical unit of the computer receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer? Input.
b) The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problems is called programming.
c) What type of language uses English-like abbreviations for machine-language instructions? Assembly language.
d) Which logical unit of the computer sends information that has already been processed by the computer to various devices so that the information may be used outside the computer? Output.
e) Which logical units of the computer retain information? The memory and the storage.
f) Which logical unit of the computer performs calculations? The ALU.
g) Which logical unit of the computer makes logical decisions? The ALU.
h) The level of computer language most convenient for you to write programs quickly and easily is a high-level language.
i) The only language a computer directly understands is called that computer's machine language.
j) Which logical unit of the computer coordinates the activities of all the other logical units? The CPU.
k) Some organizations report that the key benefit open source development gives them is the production of software which is more understandable...
l) Web 2.0 embraces an architecture of participation...
m) Collective intelligence is the concept that a large diverse group of people will create smart ideas.
1.5
a) The open source DBMS used in LAMP development is MySQL.
b) A key advantage of SaaS is portability.
c) Design patterns are proven architectures for constructing flexible and maintainable object-oriented software.
d) PHP is the most popular open source server-side "scripting" language...
1.6
ECMAScript is the standardized version of JavaScript developed by Netscape and Microsoft by the European Computer Manufacturers Association.
1.7
One example of a Web 2.0 business would be GeoCommons (http://geocommons.com). GeoCommons makes available user submitted data for mapping and analysis. It is currently being used by such organizations as The World Bank and The Huffington Post.
2.1
a) The two most popular web browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.
b) A browser is used to view files on the Internet
c) The location of a file on the Internet is called its URL.
d) The element in a web page that, when clicked, causes a new web page to load is called a hyperlink; when your mouse passes over this element, the mouse pointer changes into a hand in IE7 and FF2.
e) IE7 and FF2 keep a list of visited URLs called the history.
f) You can save an image from a web page by right clicking the image and selecting Save Picture As... in IE7 or Save Image As... in FF2.
g) The feature of IE7 and FF2 that provides options for completing URLs is called AutoComplete.
h) The feature that enables the user to save URLs of frequently visited sites is called Favorites in IE7 or Bookmarks in FF2.
2.2
a) Fiber optics cables have a better signal than traditional metal cables, but an inferior bandwidth. False: Fiber has a better signal and greater bandwidth.
b) It is not possible to view web pages when not connected to the Internet. False: Web pages can be saved and viewed offline.
c) Search engines can be used to help resolve programming errors. True.
d) The cache is an area on the hard drive that is used for saving web pages for rapid future access. False: The cache resides in memory not storage.
e) FTP is a popular Internet mechanism by which files are uploaded and downloaded. True.
f) You can access any FTP site by logging in with the user name anonymous. False: Some FTP sites have restricted access.
2.3
a) HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol- the standard protocol for transferring web documents over the Internet.
b) FTP: File Transfer Protocol- the standard protocol for transferring large files over the Internet.
c) URL: Uniform Resource Locator- the address of a webpage.
d) DSL: Digital Subscriber Line- a type of broadband Internet service carried over phone lines.
e) PDF: Portable Document Format- an easily shared type of electronic document.
f) ISP: Internet Service Provider- a business that provides consumer access to the Internet.
2.4
ftp.cdrom.com directory output: not viewable.
ftp.deitel.com directory output: not viewable.
2.5
The Browse My Town add on provides an interface for local search of shopping opportunities in a chosen area.
2.6
The Firebug add on integrates with Firefox to put a wealth of development tools at your fingertips while you browse. You can edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page.
3.1
a) Remixing content refers to (legally) taking someone else's existing content and adding to it or changing it in some way.
b) The term Web 2.0 was coined by Dale Dougherty of O'Reilly Media in 2003.
c) Tags are user-generated labels used to categorize content.
d) The major Ajax technologies are XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, the DOM, XML, and the XMLHttpRequest object.
e) RIAs are webtop applications that have responsiveness and functionality approaching that of desktop applications.
f) Amazon's hardware and communications infrastructure web services are examples of web-scale computing.
g) The increased value of a network as its number of users grows is referred to as network effects.
h) Two popular RIA frameworks are Adobe's Flex and Microsoft's Silverlight.
3.2
a) Tagging is for personal organization of content only. False: Tags are used in searches to refine results for all users.
b) The user is at the center of Web 2.0. True.
c) Location-based services always use GPS. False: Some LBS use IP address or user input.
d) OSS is often called "free" because it does not cost money. False: Not all OSS is free.
e) Google PageRank is determined by the number of page views a website receives. False: PageRank is based on number of links to a site (among other things), not views.
3.3
a) Perpetual Beta is an example of an agile development process.
b) The architecture of participation is a design that encourages user interaction and community contributions.
c) Ruby on Rails was developed by David Heinemeier Hansson.
d) Digital Rights Management systems add software to digital media to prevent piracy.
e) Wikis rely on the user.
3.4
a) Advertising is the most common Web 2.0 monetization model. True.
b) Collaborative filtering is used by search engines. False: Collaborative filtering is used by users.
c) XML is an executable language. False: XML is a markup language used to describe data.
d) Most bloggers provide RSS feeds. True.
e) Holding people's attention is difficult in today's society. True.
3.5
a) Collective intelligence: the concept that a group of people will produce more an better ideas than one individual.
b) Folksonomy: a definition based upon user-generated tags.
c) Permalink: a permanent link to a blog post.
d) Tag cloud: an information graphic that displays tags using size to denote frequency.
e) Web service: access to data made available over the internet.
f) Monetization: the act of turning labor into money.
3.6
Key factors that have attributed to the growth of Web 2.0:
Availability of high-speed internet service.
Moore's law.
Availability of affordable or free software.
Relative ease of monetization.
3.7
Increasing the findability of a website can be accomplished through increasing the number of incoming links and developing a site map.
3.8
Youtube- Youtube is being employed by many new artists to deliver content in ways they couldn't otherwise.
Facebook- Facebook allows artists to build a following and create awareness.
Twitter- Twitter allows artists to communicate with their followers directly. All of these can be used in conjunction for social media marketing.
3.9
Eiffel Tower tags:
Tall
Steel
Landmark
Paris
France
Architecture
Elevator
Overlook
Tourism
Phallic